Digital Heritage
Heritage

 

Culture is like the hub which is nearest to the axle of a wheel...it can only turn when it is maintained. Culture is not a dead asset - it needs constant impulses from the outside to give rise to new impulses. Jurgen Witt

Heritage is everywhere, it is a contested phenomenon that is wide open to different levels of interpretation and engagement. Heritage projects have enormous potential to lead to heightened forms of social cohesion and affirming a sense of belonging and identity. Heritage often entails open-ended processes and invites a multitude of academic and disciplinary perspectives to grapple with its eclectic contents. Through our two heritage projects at the ICDF, we therefore propose a methodology of combining “shared epistemologies” (Pahl & Pool 2011) and “undisciplinary” research practices where priority is given over “processes” and not necessarily neatly packaged and finalised “outcomes” (Johnson & Marwood 2017). These bottom-up, participatory processes also include an approach to contextualise heritage objects in their cultural and physical environment, thereby embracing an “eco-decolonial museology” (Jeffery 2021) to re-imagine heritage work. By partnering with academic as well as non-traditional heritage groups, by co-producing ideas and knowledge, and by re-focusing outputs to reflect not only academic endeavours but also socially relevant outcomes, we wish to enhance the longevity, reach, and impact of this heritage work-in-process. Currently, the focus at the ICDF is on two digital heritage endeavours.
 

The Forgotten Highway

The Forgotten Highway: Ancestral Journeys

Heralding an era for practices on “decolonisation”, there is a widespread search for knowledge and understanding about Indigenous cultures and early inter-cultural interaction in South Africa.  Ancient cultures are now developing a renewed awareness of their identity and background.

The Forgotten Highway Route is an initiative of the Karoo Development Foundation (KDF, a non-profit Trust), and focuses on the early history of explorations in South Africa. The spatial focus is the western "frontier zone", i.e. the northern Karoo and southern Kalahari. The Route stretches for 1 000 km, from Tulbagh in the south to Kuruman in the north. It encapsulates early explorers, trekboers, slaves and ex-slaves, !Xam, Khoi, Korana, Griqua, Tswana, and even some Xhosa people in the Carnarvon/Prieska region. These cultural connections were often collaborative as well as conflictual. In the process, a new South African identity emerged.

Work on this route has continued since 2018, with funding from the National Heritage Council, the National Lotteries Commission, the Millenium Trust, the Northern Cape Department of Tourism, the Finnish Embassy, and the Dutch Culture NGO in Amsterdam.


In the process, a great deal of local historical data was compiled, particularly in the Griqua towns of Danielskuil, Jenn-haven and Philippolis. This is drawn primarily from church records and the title deed registers at the Deeds Registry.

The data is now available for publication and this process will be advanced with expertise from the ICDF and the wider UFS community of experts. This is a collaboration between the UFS and the KDF, since the project manager of the Forgotten Highway Route, Prof Doreen Atkinson, has accepted a part-time position at the UFS Interdisciplinary Centre for Digital Futures.

The use of genealogical data, such as church registers, opens a new window for community and family empowerment. Many communities in South Africa do not have the means to search for their own family and community histories.  Genealogy remains a largely white middle-class interest, and our desire is to assist previously marginalised communities to capture their own family histories, and to potentially share it on ICDF's data platform.  

Genealogy is an important route to social inclusion and to address problems of social alienation.  One important avenue to do this is via the school curriculum. We intend rolling out genealogical projects for high school learners at towns along the Forgotten Highway Route. Our initial focus will be on Danielskuil, Fraserburg, Griquatown and Postmasburg.

In addition to the data that has already been captured, there are several additional data sources that can be processed, including the church registers of the Congregational Church (the erstwhile London Missionary Society) at Moffat Mission in Kuruman; the NG and VGK churches in Fraserburg and Griquatown (Danielskuil is already captured); and the family histories of the Kgosis people at Jenn-haven (near Postmasburg). The Kgosis were removed from the Lohatlha Army Training Centre near Postmasburg in the 1990s.

KDF is also currently collaborating with the Department of Classics at Stanford University, USA, to develop public profiles of museums along the route. Our focus will be on the museums at Griquatown, Fraserburg and Kuruman (Moffat Mission). This, in turn, will offer attractive visual material for the broader public, as well as for the learners and teachers in our focus towns.

The process of collaboration between a wide variety of stakeholders is likely to be highly creative, pushing everyone's boundaries, but ultimately creating knowledge assets which are not only useful to the academic community, but also to local communities in a previously neglected and remote area of South Africa. 

 


The Limpopo Heritage Collection

The University of the Free State (UFS) has a collaboration agreement with the agricultural conglomerate ZZ2, primarily located in the Limpopo province although their farms are also found elsewhere in South Africa as well as in Namibia. The ZZ2 business is currently acting as custodian of a collection of existing art and artefacts focusing on the Tsonga, Venda, Pedi, and Sotho people in the north-eastern Limpopo Province. This art and artefact collection was collected over decades by the late Jürgen Witt, who took a special interest in the cultural artefacts of this area and of its people. Among other pieces of interest, it contains valuable artefacts steeped in traditions of the Modjadji people and of a past Modjadji Rain Queen. Even contemporary Modjadji artefacts have been placed under curatorship of the existing collection. Witt created a trust to conserve this art and artefact collection, making ZZ2 a 50% custodian of this trust. Part of this collection is a stack of exercise books filled in the early 2000s with hand-written Tsonga folk tales related to the artwork of the late Philip Rikhotso. The interviews, manually captured, were conducted by his daughters, who are still alive and who are still connected to the area.


Given the prevalence of artists in this area of the Limpopo Province, an initiative, the Ribola Art Route was created by LoveLimpopo Well-known artists, some of whom are still alive, have their work on display on this art route. Artists such as Jackson Hlungwani (passed on in 2010 – in New Jerusalem in Mbokota close to Elim), Thomas Kubayi, Lucky Ntimani, Patrick Manyike, Kenneth Nonyana, Dr Phuthuma Seoka, Samson Makwala, Bevan Mkhabele (passed on in 1980), Johannes Maswanganyi, Collen Maswanganyi, Amorous Maswanganyi, Richard Chauke, and Philip Rikhotso among others.

ZZ2 requested assistance from the UFS to engage critically and academically with this unique and valuable collection, for two main reasons:

Firstly, to conserve and to make accessible this treasured collection to the immediate community and possibly to the wider world, and

Secondly, to use this collection as a conduit to engage in meaningful, important yet sensitive issues of heritage, belonging, and deeper cultural understanding.

This rich source of information lends itself to a variety of academic projects, especially within the Humanities and Social Sciences disciplines. These works of art by contemporary and past artists hold promise to unlock unique opportunities for scholarship of engagement and teaching objectives. The context and narratives of the artwork and artefacts will also allow for deep social scientific enquiries that could ideally translate into interdisciplinary projects where narratives and art are exhibited in unison

 We intend to embark on an ethnographic study of current artists in the area, and to see their interpretation and additions to the existing canon of artefacts and associated myths, symbolism, and the evolution of meanings and interpretations over the years. From a scholarly perspective, there is also a deep interest to translate the narratives captured more than 20 years ago and to juxtapose these with contemporary understandings and interpretations of cultural meaning. It is believed that Witt commissioned the daughters of one of Limpopo’s well-known sculptors, Philip Rikhotso in the early 2000s to collect folk tales and stories about Rikhotso’s characteristic and phantasmagorical sculptures. Over 20 notebooks full of stories written in “deep” and complex (replete with figurative speech) Xitsonga were generated as a result.

During our September 2022 “fact finding mission”, ICDF scholars engaged with a variety of local inhabitants to ascertain how to go about translating these stories into English to use in combination with the Rikhotso sculptures. The explicit aim is to avail this collection – the stories and the sculptures – to a larger national and international audience through digitalising parts of the Rikhotso collection (sculptures and stories).

During our fact-finding mission in 2022, we met a local public historian, Richard Mabunda, who started Thomo Heritage Park in Giyani. We visited this park and got immersed in the knowledge of the area and the Tsonga people through the renditions of Richard Mabunda. He is a well-known public figure among the Tsonga people, and he is also known to Rikhotso’s family (his daughters too). Richard Mabunda is in the process of translating these handwritten stories. Interviews with living storytellers (or proxies of those who have passed away) took place first discuss around intellectual property and authorship of the stories, as well as to gauge the level of cultural sensitivity in relation to this translation process.

We envision a long-term, interdisciplinary, and evolving project to grow from this unique opportunity where we embark on engaged scholarship to the benefit of communities and quality academic outflows, given the interdisciplinary nature of the team, comprising the ICDF, academic departments of Anthropology, Fine Arts, Art History, Sociology, the Stegmann Art Gallery, the Digital Scholarship Centre, as well as non-academic partners (ZZ2, local community members, founders of LoveLimpopo, Thomo Heritage Park). 

 


Ribola Art Route:
Entrance to Pilato Bulala’s home

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Ribola Art Route:
Sculpture by Kenneth Nonyana

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Ribola Art Route:
Sculpture by Thomas Kubayi

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Ribola Art Route:
Thomas Kubayi’s tools

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Ribola Art Route:
One of Pilato Bulala’s “scraptures”

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Pilato Bulala:
One of Pilato Bulala's "scraptures”

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Phillip Rikhotso:
LoveLimpopo’s exhibition 2022

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Philip Rikhotso:
LoveLimpopo's exhibition 2022

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Phillip Rikhotso:
LoveLimpopo’s exhibition 2022

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Phillip Rikhotso:
LoveLimpopo's exhibition 2022

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Phillip Rikhotso:
LoveLimpopo's exhibition 2022

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