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05 June 2018
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Archaeological excavations in the Wonderwerk Cave, north of Kuruman in the Northern Cape.
Research fellow Dr Lloyd Rossouw from the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of the Free State (UFS) recently published an article in the Nature Ecology and Evolution journal with Dr Michaela Ecker from the University of Toronto as lead author, and Dr James Brink, research fellow at the UFS Centre for Environmental Management. The findings described in “The palaeoecological context of the Oldowan-Acheulean in southern Africa” provides the first extensive paleoenvironmental sequence for the interior of southern Africa by applying a combination of methods for environmental reconstruction at Wonderwerk Cave, which have yielded multiple evidence of early human occupation dating back almost two million years ago.
Where water once was
The Wonderwerk Cave is found north of the Kuruman hills (situated in Northern Cape) a 140m long tube with a low ceiling. The surroundings are harsh. Semi-arid conditions allow for the survival of only hardy bushes, trees, and grasses. But during the Early Pleistocene, stepping out of the Wonderwerk Cave you would have been greeted by a completely different site, the researchers found. Using carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis on the teeth of herbivores (Dr Ecker), fossil faunal abundance (Dr Brink), as well as the analysis of microscopic plant silica remains (phytoliths) excavated from fossil soils inside the cave (Dr Rossouw), the results show that ancient environments in the central interior of southern Africa were significantly wetter and housed a plant community unlike any other in the modern African savanna.
What difference does it make?
While East African research shows increasing aridity and the spread of summer-rainfall grasslands more than a million years ago, the results from this study indicate an interesting twist. During the same period, shifts in rainfall seasonality allowed for alternating summer and winter-rainfall grass occurrences coupled with prolonged wetlands, that remained major components of Early Pleistocene (more or less the period between one and two million years ago) environments in the central interior of southern Africa. That means our human ancestors were also living and evolving in environments other than the generally accepted open, arid grassland model.
UFS establishes the first chair in Biblical Spirituality in the world
2007-09-17
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Prof. Pieter de Villiers recently delivered his inaugural lecture as extraordinary professor in Biblical Spirituality at the University of the Free State’s (UFS) Faculty of Theology. He is the first person in the world to occupy a chair of this nature. As extraordinary professor he is associated to the Faculty of Theology’s Departments of Old and New Testaments. The interest in spirituality is growing world-wide and research into this field is increasing. As a result of this, Prof. Francois Tolmie, head of the Department of New Testament at the UFS, took the initiative of establishing a chair in Biblical Spirituality at the Faculty of Theology. This places the faculty at the forefront of this important field of study. During the inaugural lecture were, from the left: Prof. Fanie Snyman (Head of the UFS Department of Old Testament), Prof. Hermie van Zyl (Dean of the UFS Faculty of Theology), Prof. Teuns Verschoor (Vice-Rector: Academic Operations at the UFS), Prof. De Villiers and Prof. Tolmie.
Photo: Stephen Collett
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