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19 March 2018 Photo Rulanzen Martin
Prof Solomon writes book on human security in Africa
Prof Hendri Kroukamp, Acting Vice-Rector: Academic; Prof Hussein Solomon; and Prof Heidi Hudson, Dean of the Faculty of the Humanities, at the book launch.
An acclaimed academic regarding security issues on the African continent, Prof Hussein Solomon, recently launched the book African Security in the twenty-first Century.

The book, which was launched on 13 March 2018 at the Archive for Contemporary Affairs on the Bloemfontein Campus of the University of the Free State (UFS), took three years to complete and has 11 chapters and 300 pages.

“It has been difficult, some of the chapters did not appear, but will be released as journal articles,” Prof Solomon said.

Focus more on human than state security
“This particular book project had its origins four years ago at the African Studies Association conference, which was held in San Diego,” Prof Solomon said. 

This is where he met Stephen Emmerson, co-author of the book. “We attempted to make the book as comprehensive as possible, covering all the major sources of insecurity on the African continent – from resource conflict to conflicting identities to drug-trafficking and terrorism,” he said.

The approach of this book was to focus on human security, which is the security of ordinary Africans, in contrast to that of the state and/or regime security. 

News Archive

Extending new discoveries in the deep subsurface – UFS paper published in Nature Communications
2015-11-30



Scanning electron microscopy of some of the Eukarya recovered from two different mines. (a) Dochmiotrema sp. (Plathyelminthes), (b) A. hemprichi (Annelida), (c) Mylonchulus brachyurus (Nematoda), (d) Amphiascoides (Arthropoda). Scale bar, 50 µm (a,b), 100 µm (c), 20 µm (d).

Following the discovery of the first Eukarya in the deep subsurface (Nature, 2010) by a research group from the Department of Microbial, Biochemical, and Food Biotechnology at the University of the Free State (UFS) and their international collaborators, intense interest has developed in understanding the diversity of more complex organisms living in these extreme environments.

Prof Gaetan Borgonie from Extreme Life Isyensya, together with a group of UFS researchers, took this research further, resulting in a paper on this research released in Nature Communications – impact factor 11.47.  This paper is an extension of the first reports of more complex life at great depths, and their abilities to survive these harsh conditions.

Ten authors from the UFS contributed with the array of expertise needed to define this discovery. The group was supported by staff from the different mining groups, long-term leading collaborators from the USA and Canada, and the idea specialist driver of the paper, Prof Borganie.

“After a sampling campaign that lasted more than two years, we identified that Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Annelida and Arthropoda are thriving at 1.4 km depths in fissure water up to 12,000-years old in the South African mines of Driefontein and Kopanang,” said Prof Borgonie, who was appointed as associated researcher in the Department of Microbial, Biochemical, and Food Biotechnology.

This paper really opens a “can of worms” so to speak. According to Prof Esta van Heerden from the Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology at the UFS they extended to define protozoa and fungi. “However, they are present in low numbers,” she said.

Characterisation of the different species reveals that many are opportunistic organisms. In house-adapted video equipment was used to film inside the fissure for the home of the organisms.

This is the first-known study to demonstrate the in situ distribution of biofilms on fissure rock faces using video documentation. Calculations suggest that food, not dissolved oxygen, is the limiting factor for population growth. The discovery of a group of complex multicellular organisms in the underground has important implications for the search for life on other planets in our solar system.

More articles

The strange beasts that live in solid rock deep underground
A microscopic ‘zoo’ is found deep, deep underground

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