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29 April 2020 | Story Andre Damons | Photo Supplied
Intubation training on a manikin (Doctors from Department of Anaesthesiology).

The Department of Anaesthesiology at the University of the Free State, in collaboration with the Clinical Simulation and Skills Unit, has trained almost 500 hospital staff members dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic since the lockdown started.

The unit assisted doctors, nurses, and staff working at the Universitas and Pelonomi hospitals with training in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), including protective clothing, masks, gloves, aprons, and eye protection. The training started the week of 16 March and was led by Prof Gillian Lamacraft, Head of the Pain Control Unit in the Department of Anaesthesiology, and registrars in the Department of Anaesthesiology. Training was not only limited to healthcare workers in hospital wards designated for COVID-19-positive or suspected COVID-19 patients, but workers throughout the hospital received training, lest they be required to care for COVID-19-positive patients in the future, especially if there is an increase in the cases being treated in the hospital.

Training members of the anaesthesia department
According to Prof Lamacraft, the training was initially started to ensure that members of the anaesthesia department would be protected if the need arose for them to wear PPE while treating a COVID-19 patient. Members of the anaesthesia department are not routinely involved in the medical care of patients with serious infectious disease (e.g. Ebola virus), and because they were not previously required to wear PPE regularly, they are not familiar with its use. 
“Internationally, the healthcare workers most exposed to the virus appear to be the ones most at risk of dying, presumably owing to the greater viral load they receive. COVID-19 patients who are severely ill, may require intubation so they can be ventilated – this procedure puts the doctor performing it very close to the airway of the patient, and greatly at risk of being contaminated with COVID 19 during this procedure.” 

“Failure to intubate the patient successfully can lead to the rapid demise of the patient, so it has been decided as hospital policy that anaesthetists will preferably be the doctors performing these intubations, if they are available, as they are considered the doctors best at this procedure. Therefore, anaesthetists will be a group of doctors in the hospital at great risk of COVID virus exposure,” says Prof Lamacraft.

Training other healthcare workers
To facilitate this training, registrars in the Department of Anaesthesiology made videos to demonstrate the donning (putting on) and doffing (taking off) procedure for PPE. Members of the Universitas Academic Hospital’s Infection Control Team provided them with the required information and assessed the training videos for correctness.

The department used the Clinical Simulation and Skills Unit’s facilities at the university to conduct this training, so that the participants could also physically practise putting on and taking off the PPE after watching the videos. 

“Since then, we have been doing this training every working day. Having trained our department, the members of the COVID-19 task team for the Universitas Hospital asked us to train other healthcare workers at the hospital. Accordingly, we have trained many other healthcare workers (over 430 for PPE training alone), including heads of department, professors of medicine, specialists, registrars, medical officers, interns, all ranks of nursing staff, clinical technologists, and household aids.”

The different types of PPE
Prof Lamacraft says it is important that all these healthcare workers are taught the different types of PPE (i.e. standard and aerosol-generating procedure PPE (AGP PPE). In particular, they had to understand that a special type of mask, an N95 mask, should only be used for AGP PPE, as these are in extremely short supply internationally. 

“Many healthcare workers did not know how to put these on correctly, or which size to wear – this had the potential for wastage of this precious commodity. Taking off PPE contaminated with the COVID-19 virus is a very risky procedure. Failure to do so correctly, can lead to not only the healthcare worker contaminating themselves (e.g. by touching their eyes or face while taking off their masks), but also to the contamination of the healthcare workers assisting the person in taking off their PPE; or even to the participant taking home the virus on their bodies and contaminating their family at home. Therefore, the healthcare workers had to be shown how to take off their PPE without contaminating themselves.”
In order to reduce the risk of trainers and other participants being infected during training by healthcare workers who are asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19, only two to four participants have been trained at a time and strict rules were kept regarding social distancing and the use of hand sanitiser.

The training is essential to protect healthcare workers
Prof Mathys Labuschagne, Head: Clinical Simulation and Skills Unit, says volunteering doctors and nurses are also trained to work in ICUs with COVID-19 patients. The ICU department trained these volunteers in the use of ventilators, to assist with putting up drips and lines, intubation, and PPE. The goal is to train healthcare providers to assist in ICU when needed. 

“This training is essential to train and prepare healthcare workers when the patient numbers are increasing. The training is also essential to protect the healthcare workers against infection, because we need them to stay healthy to be able to manage the patients,” according to Prof Labuschagne.

Dr Edwin Turton from the Department of Anaesthesiology says the training is for frontline healthcare workers (nurses, cleaners, porters, doctors, and even washers from theatre) who need to protect themselves in order to protect their patients and all other staff helping them to care for the patients.

“Doctors and nurses need different forms or levels of PPE for working in the clinical environment, and we need them to train to wear appropriate PPE for AGP and contact with PUI and positive patients. They need to be able to protect themselves. The training is for all healthcare workers and not only for doctors and nurses,” says Dr Turton.

News Archive

During 2011: Prestige Scholars Programme (PSP)
2011-12-01

The University has designed the Vice-Chancellor’s Prestige Scholars Programme (PSP) to promote and support the intellectual breadth and depth required of young scholars to pose questions and generate knowledge in their disciplines and hence to occupy the vanguards of contemporary intellectual enquiry. The programme specifically targets members of the academic staff who are near completion, or have newly completed, their doctoral studies.

The goal is to select no more than 100 of the most promising young scholars and to make substantial investments in their development towards becoming full professors. A tailored, intensive programme of support is designated that combines international placement working alongside leading scholars in the discipline of the prestige scholar, with intensive mentorship and support from within the university.

 Description: 2011 PSP_Thuthuka  Tags: 2011 PSP_Thuthuka

Elite young scholars on the Vice-Chancellor’s Prestige Scholars Programme generated R1,2 million in National Research Foundation Thuthuka and Blue Skies funding in 2011 alone. Dr Katinka de Wet in the Department of Sociology was awarded Blue Skies funding for her work on the Hybrid Identity of the HIV/Aids patient. Thuthuka Grant holders Drs Cilliers van den Berg, Olihile Sebolai, Dirk Opperman and Diaan van der Westhuizen work in the fields of German and Afrikaans trauma literature, microbiology, structural and evolutionary biology, and architecture, respectively. This broad disciplinary range typifies the depth and extraordinary range of scholarship present among junior academics at the UFS.


 Description: 2011 PSP_Liza Coetsee Tags: 2011 PSP_Liza Coetsee

Dr Liza Coetsee, a Y2-rated physicist, is the first of the Vice-Chancellor’s elite cohort of Prestige Scholars to submit for National Research Foundation rating. Dr Coetsee works on the latest of the Nanotechnology Surface Science systems housed in our Department of Physics. As Prestige Scholar, Dr Coetsee conducts research on phosphor solar cells. Her aim is to establish a new Phosphor Solar Cell field at the University of the Free State with Proff. Hendrik Swart and Koos Terblans. As a member of the Prestige Scholar Programme, Dr Coetsee will work in collaboration both with colleagues from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University and Prof. Eray Aydil from the University of Minnesota and Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology.


 Description: 2011 PSP_Olihile Sebolai Tags: 2011 PSP_Olihile Sebolai

Dr Olihile Sebolai is one of the 2 Vice-Chancellor’s elite Prestige Scholars and a microbiologist. In 2011, Dr Sebolai was awarded a Thuthuka Grant for his research on the yeast pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, the cause of life-threatening Aids-defining illnesses such as meningitis. Dr Sebolai considers how cryptococcal lipids mediate infectious processes leading to illness. An understanding of these cellular processes will offer hope for future drug development to combat the scourge of cryptococcal meningitis, annually causing the death of over half a million people in Sub-Saharan Africa. Dr Sebolai is also interested in mapping the prevalence and distribution pattern of cryptococcal meningitis in the Free State. This, in turn, will assist health authorities to manage current infections and plan appropriately for potential outbreaks. The Prestige Scholars Programme, with the assistance of the National Research Foundation, will afford Dr Sebolai the opportunity to pursue his research in laboratories in the United States and India in 2012 and 2013.


 Description: 2011 PSP_Louis Holtzhausen Tags: 2011 PSP_Louis Holtzhausen

Dr Louis Holtzhausen, member of the Vice-Chancellor’s Prestige Scholars Programme, has been named by the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee (SASCOC) as team doctor for Team South Africa during the All Africa Games, the largest sports event in Africa. National teams from African countries participated in 23 sports events. As an esteemed South African academic in sports medicine Dr Holtzhausens’ participation was an extension of the work already being done under his supervision at the UFS’s Sports Performance Unit. Many of the athletes who prepared at the Unit were also part of the team. Elite athletes’ illness and injury profiles are one of Dr Holtzhausens’ research focus areas. The exposure to this group in competition was of great value in the identification and development of research niche areas.


 Description: 2011 PSP_ Chantel Swart Tags: 2011 PSP_ Chantel Swart

The South African Society for Microbiology awarded Dr Chantel Swart-Pistor, a Prestige Scholar on the Vice-Chancellor’s elite programme, the top prize for her PhD during a recent gala dinner in Cape Town. Dr Swart-Pistor accomplished a breakthrough in the field of nanotechnology with The influence of mitochondrial inhibitors on zoospore and ascospore development. Her supervisor, Prof. Lodewyk Kock and co-supervisors, Dr Carolina Pohl and Prof. Pieter van Wyk, also stressed the important collaboration with Proff. Hendrik Swart (Physics) and Pieter van Wyk (Centre for Microscopy), which made Dr Swart-Pistor’s work possible. She has presented her work in Beijing (Medichem 2011) and Philadelphia (Biotechnology-2011). She has been invited to return to China in 2012.


 Description: 2011 PSP_ Lizette Erasmus Tags: 2011 PSP_ Lizette Erasmus

Dr Lizette Erasmus, scientific chemist and one of the Vice-Chancellor’s Prestige Scholars, has just returned from a three-month-long research visit to Prof. Hans Niemantsverdriet at the Technical University of Eindhoven in The Netherlands and the University of California, Davis. Dr Erasmus specialises in heterogeneous catalysis. Her visit to Prof. Niemantsverdriet, one of the global experts in the field of surface science, served to round of existing research. In California, Dr Erasmus visited her mentor, Prof. Bruce C. Gates, as part of the objectives of the Rector’s programme for the internationalisation of young researchers. Prof. Gates, an expert in catalysis, could contribute to Dr Erasmus’ research on the characterisation of heterogeneous catalysis and catalytic reactions. In exchange, her expertise in organometallic synthesis added value to Prof. Gates’ existing research. Their continued collaboration gave availed them of the opportunity for interdisciplinary interaction between engineering (Prof. Gates’ speciality) and chemistry, and promises to contribute to increased collaboration between the two universities in future.


 Description: 2011 PSP_Dirk Opperman Tags: 2011 PSP_Dirk Opperman

Dr Dirk Opperman, specialist in structural and evolutionary biology and National Research Foundation Thuthuka Grant holder, joined the Vice-Chancellor’s Prestige Scholars Programme after his postdoctoral work at the Max Planck Institute (KOFO) in Germany. Dr Opperman is the recipient of institutional seed funding to establish a protein crystallisation unit, which in turn led to the donation in 2011 of a multi-million Rand X-ray diffractometer¬ from the University of the Western Cape to complement his existing access to international synchrotrons. Dr Opperman is spending part of 2011 at the University of Exeter (UK) to further his research into the three-dimensional structures of specific enzymes and their trajectories of evolution to specific functions.


 Description: 2011 PSP_Abiodun Ogundeji Tags: 2011 PSP_Abiodun Ogundeji

Abiodun Ogundeji is a member of the Vice-Chancellor's Prestige Scholars Programme. Abiodun's work was recently recognised when he and his co-authors received an award for the best contributed paper at the 49th annual conference of the Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa on the topic, Impact of climate change on planning and dealing with flood disasters in South Africa: A case study of Soweto on Sea. The paper was co-authored by Prof. Giel Viljoen from our Department of Agricultural Economics and Herman Booysen, as well as Gawie du T. de Villiers, Research Associates in the Department of Geography. Abiodun is currently conducting invaluable research on the quantification of the economic value of climate change impacts and the benefits and costs of adaptation in South Africa.

 

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