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24 October 2023 | Story André Damons | Photo SUPPLIED
Samantha Mc Carlie
Samantha Mc Carlie, a PhD candidate, was awarded the prestigious SASM bronze medal for publishing in an outstanding publication.

Three postgraduate students in the Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry at the University of the Free State (UFS) were honoured with awards for their research at the recently concluded Biennial Congress of the South African Society for Microbiology (SASM) in Stellenbosch.

Samantha Mc Carlie, a PhD candidate, was awarded the prestigious SASM bronze medal for publishing in an outstanding publication, while Azil Coertzen, a first-year master's student, won the prize for the best poster presentation at the congress for her work on infectious coryza. Tyla Baker, who is currently studying towards her MSc degree in Microbiology under the supervision Prof Carlien Pohl-Albertyn, National Research Forum (NRF) SARChI Research Chair in Pathogenic Yeasts, won the prize for the best BSc honours student.

Both Mc Carlie and Coertzen are students of Prof Robert Bragg’s Infection Control Group within the Veterinary Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry. He is also their supervisor.

Source of motivation 

“I am very excited and honoured to have received this award. It's a moment of immense joy and pride for me. The bronze medal signifies not only recognition for my hard work and dedication but also validation of the passion and effort I've put into my work,” says Mc Carlie.

“Winning this award reinforces the importance of perseverance, continuous learning, and pushing boundaries. It’s a testament to the support and inspiration I’ve received from my colleagues and mentors at the University of the Free State. Ultimately, this award serves as a source of motivation to keep striving for excellence and contributing positively to my field,” says Mc Carlie, whose research focuses on antimicrobial resistance in bacteria.

The bronze medal is awarded only in meritorious cases on the basis of fully confidential recommendations when a deserving recipient is nominated. This award is presented if there is an outstanding publication in the field of Microbiology. 

This work she published was done as part of her MSc focusing on antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. This article was published in 2020 in the Journal Drug Resistance Updates with an impact factor of 24 and 98 citations thus far. Since then, it has been highlighted by the journal as one of the articles from the past three years that has received the most social media attention. In addition, even though it was published in 2020, it is still currently within the Top 10 most downloaded articles of the journal. 

Outstanding achievement

For Coertzen, who is currently working on the bacterium, Avibacterium paragallinarum, winning an award was unexpected. She says: “It came as a total surprise to me to have won the best poster out of 168 different candidates from different universities. I have always been excited and enthusiastic about my project, so I always make sure to give my best. I really enjoy what I am doing but I could not have won this achievement without the help of Professor Bragg and my laboratory members. They have made a huge contribution to this award, and I am so happy that I get to share this achievement with the Veterinary Biotechnology Laboratory at the University of the Free State.”

A proud Prof Bragg says, “This (SASM bronze medal) is a very prestigious award and is not awarded at every conference. This is a major achievement and highlights the high standard of the work which Samantha is doing. Azil winning the best poster presentation is also an outstanding achievement as there were more than 100 posters from universities all over the country. She is a first-year master’s student, and the poster presentation was open to all levels of study – including postdoctoral students.” 

Excellent academic record

Baker is studying yeast and other filamentous fungi in various drinking-water sources such as ground, spring, surface, and tap water which poses great risk to immune-compromised individuals. She says the award came unexpected. 

“I knew my supervisor nominated me, but I never expected to receive the award, considering that numerous students from universities across South Africa applied. I was overwhelmed with excitement, pride and joy. Receiving this award has motivated me now more than ever to deliver top-quality research and to leave my mark on microbiology in South Africa. This has made me eager to develop and further contribute to research focusing on pathogenic yeast and its impact on the health of humans and the surrounding environment.

“This award not only reflects the work I have put into my studies but also the quality of education provided by the University of The Free State and I feel immensely proud to have received this award representing UFS. I could not have done so without the unending support and passion of the professors from the Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry who always motivate and encourage out-of-the-box thinking and academic excellence. A special thanks to my supervisor, Prof Pohl-Albertyn, friends and family for their constant support and advice,” says Baker.

Prof Pohl-Albertyn applauded her student, saying: “She achieved this (award) due to her excellent academic record by obtaining both her BSc and BSc (hons) degrees with distinction, achieving an average of 80.7% (unweighted) for her BSc (hons) degree. This adds to her many other awards from the UFS, including Highest Achieving Undergraduate in Microbiology, the Dean’s medal for the 3rd highest achieving undergraduate student in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, and the Best Microbiology honours student at the UFS.”

According to Prof Pohl-Albertyn, further motivation for this prize was the fact that Baker had also presented her work as an oral presentation at an international conference (Canadian Fungal Research Network Conference), where she received a Top Presenter Award and already has two manuscripts (including one from her honours research project) under review for publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals. 

Tyla Baker

Tyla Baker, who is currently studying towards her MSc degree in Microbiology, won the prize for the best BSc honours student.

Azil Coertzen

Azil Coertzen, a first-year master's student, won the prize for the best poster presentation at the congress for her work on infectious coryza. 

News Archive

Inaugural lecture: Prof Robert Bragg, Dept. of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology
2006-05-17



Attending the inaugural lecture were in front from the left Prof Robert Bragg (lecturer at the Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology) and Frederick Fourie (Rector and Vice-Chancellor).  At the back from the left were Prof James du Preez (Departmental Chairperson:  Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology) and Prof Herman van Schalkwyk (Dean: Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences). Photo: Stephen Collett
 

A summary of an inaugural lecture delivered by Prof Robert Bragg at the University of the Free State:

CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS AVIAN DISEASES – LESSONS FOR MAN?

Prof Robert R Bragg
Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology
University of the Free State

“Many of the lessons learnt in disease control in poultry will have application on human medicine,” said Prof Robert Bragg, lecturer at the University of the Free State’s (UFS) Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology during his inaugural lecture.

Prof Bragg said the development of vaccines remains the main stay of disease control in humans as well as in avian species.  Disease control can not rely on vaccination alone and other disease-control options must be examined.  

“With the increasing problems of antibiotic resistance, the use of disinfection and bio security are becoming more important,” he said.

“Avian influenza (AI) is an example of a disease which can spread from birds to humans.  Hopefully this virus will not develop human to human transmission,” said Prof Bragg.

According to Prof Bragg, South Africa is not on the migration route of water birds, which are the main transmitters of AI.  “This makes South Africa one of the countries less likely to get the disease,” he said.

If the AI virus does develop human to human transmission, it could make the 1918 flu pandemic pale into insignificance.  During the 1918 flu pandemic, the virus had a mortality rate of only 3%, yet more than 50 million people died.

Although the AI virus has not developed human-to-human transmission, all human cases have been related to direct contact with infected birds. The mortality rate in humans who have contracted this virus is 67%.

“Apart from the obvious fears for the human population, this virus is a very serious poultry pathogen and can cause 100% mortality in poultry populations.  Poultry meat and egg production is the staple protein source in most countries around the world. The virus is currently devastating the poultry industry world-wide,” said Prof Bragg.

Prof Bragg’s research activities on avian diseases started off with the investigation of diseases in poultry.  “The average life cycle of a broiler chicken is 42 days.  After this short time, they are slaughtered.  As a result of the short generation time in poultry, one can observe changes in microbial populations as a result of the use of vaccines, antibiotics and disinfectants,” said Prof Bragg.   

“Much of my research effort has been directed towards the control of infectious coryza in layers, which is caused by the bacterium Avibacterium paragallinarum.  This disease is a type of sinusitis in the layer chickens and can cause a drop in egg product of up to 40%,” said Prof Bragg.

The vaccines used around the world in an attempt to control this disease are all inactivated vaccines. One of the most important points is the selection of the correct strains of the bacterium to use in the vaccine.

Prof Bragg established that in South Africa, there are four different serovars of the bacterium and one of these, the serovar C-3 strain, was believed to be unique to Southern Africa. He also recently discovered this serovar for the first time in Israel, thus indicating that this serovar might have a wider distribution than originally believed.

Vaccines used in this country did not contain this serovar.  Prof Bragg established that the long term use of vaccines not containing the local South African strain resulted in a shift in the population distribution of the pathogen.

Prof Bragg’s research activities also include disease control in parrots and pigeons.   “One of the main research projects in my group is on the disease in parrots caused by the circovirus Beak and Feather Disease virus. This virus causes serious problems in the parrot breeding industry in this country. This virus is also threatening the highly endangered and endemic Cape Parrot,” said Prof Bragg.

Prof Bragg’s research group is currently working on the development of a DNA vaccine which will assist in the control of the disease, not only in the parrot breeding industry, but also to help the highly endangered Cape Parrot in its battle for survival.

“Not all of our research efforts are directed towards infectious coryza or the Beak and Feather Disease virus.  One of my Masters students is currently investigating the cell receptors involved in the binding of Newcastle Disease virus to cancerous cells and normal cells of humans. This work will also eventually lead to a possible treatment of cancer in humans and will assist with the development of a recombinant vaccine for Newcastle disease virus,” said Prof Bragg.

We are also currently investigating an “unknown” virus which causes disease problems in poultry in the Western Cape,” said Prof Bragg.
 
“Although disinfection has been extensively used in the poultry industry, it has only been done at the pre-placement stage. In other words, disinfectants are used before the birds are placed into the house. Once the birds are placed, all use of disinfectants stops,” said Prof Bragg.

“Disinfection and bio security can be seen as the ‘Cinderella’ of disease control in poultry.  This is also true for human medicine. One just has to look at the high numbers of people who die from hospital-acquired infections to realise that disinfection is not a concept which is really clear in human health care,” said Prof Bragg.

Much research has been done in the control of diseases through vaccination and through the use of antibiotics. “These pillars of disease control are, however, starting to crumble and more effort is needed on disinfection and bio security,” said Prof Bragg.

Prof Bragg has been working in close co-operation with a chemical manufacturing company in Stellenbosch to develop a unique disinfectant which his highly effective yet not toxic to the birds.

As a result of this unique product, he has developed the continual disinfection program for use in poultry. In this program the disinfectant is used throughout the production cycle of the birds. It is also used to ensure that there is excellent pre-placement disinfection.

“The program is extensively used for the control of infectious diseases in the parrot-breeding industry in South Africa and the product has been registered in 15 countries around the world with registration in the USA in the final process,” said Prof Bragg.

“Although the problem of plasmid mediated resistance to disinfectants is starting to rear its ugly head, this has allowed for the opening of a new research field which my group will hopefully exploit in the near future,” he said.

 

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