My name is Prof Julia Puseletso Mofokeng (PhD), Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry, at the University of the Free State (QwaQwa Campus). I was born in Bethlehem and raised at Bophelong Village in QwaQwa, Free State, South Africa. I started school at Diphakweng Primary School in 1985, and I continued to Dikgakeng Intermediate School in 1989, then I attended secondary school at Tshibollo Senior Secondary School in 1993 and completed my metric in 1997.

I worked at the University of the North (Qwaqwa campus) as a Part-Time Research Assistant (1999 May to 2002 December), cleaning the laboratory and preparing it for Chemistry Department Staff and Postgraduate students. Once I was done with my cleaning routine, I would always watch as the postgraduate students performed their research experiments, and willingly help them when they needed assistance. Seeing my interest in the research, my then line manager would give me procedures to follow and prepare samples in the anticancer drug research he was involved in. That is where I learned a lot about laboratory work, which strongly motivated me to start my first degree at the University of the Free State, in the Department of Chemistry (2003), even though I did not have a science background from school. My hard work and dedication to my work, and the results I produced during experiments in the laboratory, assisting my then supervisor, Professor Joseph Bariyanga, spoke volumes for me, and I was allowed to register for a science degree. In 2003, I was appointed on a contract as the Research Assistant in the same department.

I completed my B.Sc. degree, majoring in Chemistry and Information Technology in 2007, while I was still working for the University of the Free State in the Department of Chemistry as a Contract Research Assistant. I registered and completed my B.Sc. Honours degree, majoring in Polymer science in 2008. I further registered MSc degree in 2009, submitted my dissertation, passed with distinction (77%), and obtained my M.Sc. Degree in May 2011. I wrote one article from my MSc research work, and it was published in a peer-reviewed Q2 journal in 2011 [15] and it is currently sitting at 368 citations. I acquired all my qualifications at the University of the Free State, while I was juggling between studies and work daily. In April 2011 when I had just registered and started my PhD research, I was appointed as a full-time employee of the university in the position of Officer: Professional Services, in the Department of Chemistry. I have been responsible for planning and executing research experiments, and training new post-graduate students and staff members joining our Polymer Science research laboratory, on the use of research equipment. Daily assisting them with their research experiments, characterising their samples, and discussing the results for theses and publications writing. Characterizing samples and helping in the discussion of results for our local and international collaborators, other universities, and research institutions. I have also worked as a temporary lecturer, teaching one honours degree module (Polymer Testing and Characterization II (CMPC 6814)) in 2015.

In these years I have acquired experience in the operation and maintenance of the following research equipment: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analyser (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), TGA-FTIR, Dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA), Impactor, Polarized optical microscope, Sonicators, Rheometer, Hot melt presser, Tensile, Melt flow tester, contact angle, and surface energy measurement system.

Attained knowledge in analysing the results of all the above techniques including Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM).  I have also acquired knowledge in methods for the preparation of different chemicals for synthesizing polymers, composites, nanocomposites, and blends, and also have acquired the ability to work as a team as well as an individual. Due to my efforts and dedication to my work for the University, on 26 October 2012, the Council of the University of the Free State awarded me a certificate of recognition for the 10 years of service that I have rendered for the University. In 2013 I was selected as the reviewer for the Journal of Thermoplastic and Composite Materials, and I have already reviewed a few papers.

In December 2014 I submitted my PhD thesis and graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree majoring in Polymer Science at the University of the Free State (Qwaqwa campus) in May 2015. I published four articles/papers in the specialized peer-reviewed Q1 and Q2 journals [9-12]. With this work, The University of the Free State awarded me “The Best Emerging Researcher in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences at the University of the Free State (Qwaqwa campus)” for the year 2016. From 2014 to 2016 I co-supervised one Master’s degree student with my PhD supervisor, where we published one paper in the specialized peer-reviewed journal in 2017 after the student completed his MSc degree in Polymer Science

In 2016 I took a leap of faith and supervised two Master’s degree students, and they both completed their studies in 2018 and obtained their M.Sc. qualifications in 2019. In August 2017, I was appointed as a full-time Lecturer/Researcher by the University of the Free State, in the Department of Chemistry. Lecturing honours degree courses, and overseeing all research activities in the Polymer Science research laboratory. I since published seventeen (17) articles in the peer-reviewed specialized Q1 and Q2 journals and my research work has been presented in Nineteen (19) conferences (local and international) since 2010 to date. I have supervised and graduated a total of nine (17) post-graduate research degree students (Nine (9) Honours, three (7) Masters, and one (1) doctoral)

I have independently established a research collaboration with Professors AJ Mishra, and S Bhardwaj Mishra, with their PhD student the late Dr Seadimo C Mojaki from the Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, University of South Africa (Florida Campus), Johannesburg in 2017, and one article was submitted and published online on the 24th of March 2018 [6]. This is my best paper since it has started my independence as a researcher, and I am hoping to establish more collaborations with other institutions.

I was awarded a National Research Foundation Innovation bursary from my B.Sc. (Hons.) until the first year of PhD when I was employed as a permanent employee of the University of the Free State in 2011. I then applied for NRF Thuthuka, and I was awarded NRF, Thuthuka (PhD Track) UID 87867 funding for the years 2014-2016. From 2016 to 2018 I was an NRF Thuthuka (Post PhD Track) grant holder. Currently, I am the NRF-Rated Researcher, in an Emerging Researcher (Y2)’s category (2021-2025).

I have established my small research group, dealing Preparation and characterisation of completely biodegradable polymers, their blends and blends composites/nanocomposites with natural fibres, carbonaceous materials, and inorganic nanofillers, for possible applications in packaging, water purification, medical devices and personal hygiene. The research is aimed at energy saving and environmental awareness, where I am grooming, empowering, and preparing post-graduate students for the research world. I would also like to spread awareness to communities around Qwaqwa and neighbouring towns. I am planning to work very hard and publish many more papers, to put my research group and the Department of Chemistry in QwaQwa campus in a position to attract funds/grants for research to carry on with ease. My main goal is to improve my NRF research rating and become a full professor in Polymer Science in years to come.

PUBLICATIONS IN SPECIALIZED JOURNALS

I have managed several projects, where I have planned, executed experimental, and authored and co-authored the reports.  I have successfully authored, and published the following eleven research articles in peer-reviewed specialised Journals, where some are co-authored with our research collaborators locally and internationally:

1. L.S. Mokoena*, J.P. Mofokeng. Investigation of the effect of graphene oxide loading on the morphology and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl acetate blends. Discover Materials 2026; 6(70):1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-026-00544-3

2. T.E. Mokoena, L.S. Mokoena, J.P. Mofokeng*. The impact of micro-nanoparticles on morphology, thermal, barrier, mechanical, and thermomechanical properties of PLA/PCL blends for application in personal hygiene: A Review. Polymers 2025; 17(17):2396-2441.

DOI:10.3390/polym17172396

3 .L. Seromo, N.G. Greesh, J.P. Mofokeng*. Synthesis, morphology, and structural properties of graphene oxide (GO) and its composites with transition metal phosphates for application in water purification: A review. Carbon Trends 2025; 21:100566-100588.

DOI:10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100566

4 .L.S. Mokoena*, K. Mpitso, J.P. Mofokeng. Fabrication and Characterization of Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA)/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)/Graphene Oxide (GO) Polymer Composites for the Purpose of Removing Lead Ions (Pb(II)) from Water. Processes 2025; 13:3697-3718.

DOI:10.3390/pr13113697

5. B.G. Fouda-Mbanga *, B. Nyoni, J.I. Mnyango, C. Phiri, S.P. Hlangothi, A. Miracle, A. Boluwatife, O. Celestina, S.N.K. Voukeng, C.F. Tsague, L.D. Nyamen, P.P. Mokolokolo, J.P. Mofokeng, P. Ngobeni. The nexuses of micro(nano)plastics at environmental interfaces: Challenges in wastewater treatment and sustainable water management. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2025; 13:119952-119987 DOI:10.1016/j.jece.2025.119952

6. L. S Mokoena, J. P. Mofokeng. Morphology and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)(PLA)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)(PHBV)/graphene oxide (GO) polymeric composites. Polymer Engineering & Science 2024; 64(11):5329-5350.

DOI:10.1002/pen.26919

7. L.S. Mokoena, J. P. Mofokeng. Preparation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) / poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) / graphene oxide (GO) polymeric composites for the selective removal of lead ions (Pb(II)) in water. Polymer Composites 2024; 45:8527–8542.

DOI: 10.1002/pc.28358

8. L.S. Mokoena, J.P. Mofokeng. The synthesis and characterization of graphene Oxide (GO) for the removal of lead ions in water. Carbon Trends 2024; 15:100339-100352

DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100339

9. M. J. Phiri, J. P. Mofokeng, M. M. Phiri, M. Mngomezulu, Z. Tywabi-Ngeva. Chemical, thermal and morphological properties of polybutylene succinate-waste pineapple leaf fibres composites. Heliyon 2023; 9:21238-21247

DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21238

10. L.S. Mokoena, J.P. Mofokeng. A review on graphene (GN) and graphene oxide (GO) based biodegradable polymer composites, and their usage as selective adsorbents for heavy metals in water. Materials 2023; 16(6):2527-2557.

DOI: 10.3390/ma16062527

11. S.C. Mojaki, S. Bhardwaj Mishra, A.K. Mishra, J.P. Mofokeng. Influence of polysiloxane as nanofiller on the surface, optical and thermal properties of guar gum grafted polyaniline matrix. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2018;

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.049

12. T.B. Motloung, D. Dudic, J.P. Mofokeng, A.S. Luyt. Properties and thermo-switch behaviour of LDPE mixed with carbon black, zinc metal and paraffin wax. Journal of Polymer Research 2017; 23:43-54.

DOI 10.1007/s10965-017-1205-8

13. J.P. Mofokeng, I. Kelnar, A.S. Luyt. Effect of layered silicates on the thermal stability of PCL/PLA microfibrillar composites. Polymer Testing 2016; 50:9-14

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2015.12.004

14. J.P. Mofokeng, A.S. Luyt. Morphology and thermal degradation studies of melt-mixed poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV)/poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) biodegradable polymer blend nanocomposites with TiO₂ as filler. Journal of Materials Science 2015; 50: 3812-3824.

DOI: 10.1007/s10853-015-8950-z

15. J.P. Mofokeng, A.S. Luyt. Morphology and thermal degradation studies of melt-mixed PLA/PHBV biodegradable polymer blend nanocomposites with TiO2 as filler. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2015; 132:42138

DOI: 10.1002/app.42138

16. J.P. Mofokeng, A.S. Luyt. Morphology and thermal degradation studies of melt-mixed poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) biodegradable polymer blend nanocomposites with TiO₂ as filler. Polymer Testing 2015; 45: 93-100

DOI:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2015.05.007

17. J.P. Mofokeng, A.S. Luyt. Dynamic mechanical properties of PLA/PHBV, PLA/PCL, PHBV/PCL blends and their nanocomposites with TiO2 as nanofiller. Thermochimica Acta 2015; 613:41–53.

DOI:10.1016/j.tca.2015.05.019

18. Stephen S. Ochigbo, Adriaan S. Luyt, Julia P. Mofokeng, Željka Antic, Miroslav D. Dramicanin, Vladimir Djokovic. Dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of the composites of thermoplastic starch and lanthanum hydroxide nanoparticles. Journal of Applied Polymer Science

2013; 127(1):699-709.

DOI: 10.1002/app.37859

19. A.S. Luyt, M. Messori, P. Fabbri, J. P. Mofokeng, R. Taurino, T. Zanasi, F. Pilati, Polycarbonate reinforced with silica nanoparticles. Springer Polymer Bulletin 2011; 66:991–1004.

DOI 10.1007/s00289-010-0408-5

20. J.P. Mofokeng, A.S. Luyt, T. Tábi, J. Kovacs. Comparison of injection moulded, natural fibre reinforced composites with PP and PLA as matrices. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 2011; 25(8):927-948

DOI: 10.1177/0892705711423291.

21. W. Mhike, W.W. Focke, J.P. Mofokeng, A.S. Luyt. Thermally conductive phase-change materials for energy storage based on low-density polyethylene, soft Fischer–Tropsch wax and graphite. Thermochimica Acta 2011; 527:75-82.

DOI:10.1016/j.tca.2011.10.008

22. A.S. Luyt, I. Krupa, H.J. Assumption, E.E.M. Ahmad, J.P. Mofokeng. Blends of polyamide 12 and maleic anhydride grafted paraffin wax as potential phase change materials. Polymer Testing 2010; 29:100-106

DOI:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2009.09.010

CONFERENCE PAPERS

My research work has been presented in 18 conferences, local and international, where two recent were in September 2024, in Hungary:

1. T.E. Mokoena, L.S. Mokoena, J.P. Mofokeng. Effect of functionalised titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on the properties of PLA/PCL blends for potential applications in personal hygiene. Sasol Virtual Postgraduate Seminar, 13-14 November 2024,  South Africa.

2. M.D. Maphakisa, O.J. Botlhoko, J.P. Mofokeng. Design and tailored biodegradable composites for 3D printing of medical devices applications. Sasol Virtual Post Graduate Seminar, 13-14 November 2024, South Africa.

3. L. Seromo, J P. Mofokeng. Synthesis, morphology, and structural properties of graphene oxide (GO) and its composites with transition metal phosphates for applications in water purification. Sasol Virtual Postgraduate Seminar, 13-14 November 2024, South Africa.

4. L.S. Mokoena, J.P. Mofokeng. Morphology and thermal properties of PLA/ PHBV/GO polymeric composites for possible application in water purification. 5th International Conference on Bio-based Polymers and Composites – BiPoCo 2024, will be held at Esztergom, 1 – 5 September 2024, Hungary.

5. L.S. Mokoena, J.P. Mofokeng. The effective removal of lead ions from solution using synthesized graphene oxide and prepared biodegradable polymer/graphene oxide composites. Sasol Postgraduate Research Seminar, Virtual, 2nd – 3rd November 2022, South Africa.

6. L. Seromo, J.P. Mofokeng. Effect of SiO₂ nanoparticles on the morphology, thermal and thermomechanical properties of biodegradable polymer blends. Sasol Postgraduate Research Seminar, Virtual, 2nd – 3rd November 2022, South Africa.

7. L. Seromo, J.P. Mofokeng. Effect of SiO₂ nanoparticles on the morphology, thermal and thermomechanical properties of biodegradable polymer blends. 2022 QwaQwa Campus Research Conference, 29th and 30th September 2022, at Harrismith Inn Hotel, in Harrismith, South Africa.

8. T.A. Tsotetsi, J.P. Mofokeng. Preparation and characterisation of flame retarded natural fibre reinforced biopolymer blends. The 4th International conference on Bio-based polymers and composites, which will be held at Balatonfüred, Hungary in Europe 01-07 September 2018.

9. M. Makhalema, J.P. Mofokeng. Structure and properties of DAP flame retarded PLA/PCL/Natural fibre blend composites. The 6th International Conference on Bio-based Polymers (ICBP2017) conference, Yuan Ze University, Taiwan 14-17 May 2017.

10. L.T. Mukwada, J.P. Mofokeng. Structure and properties of PLA/PCL blend nanocomposites with Mg(OH)₂ and APTMS-TiO2. UNESCO/IUPAC workshop & conference on macromolecules & materials, Stellencbosch, South Africa, 10-13 April 2017.

11. T.A. Tsotetsi, J.P. Mofokeng. Preparation and characterization of flame retarded natural fibre reinforced biopolymer blends. UNESCO/IUPAC workshop & conference on macromolecules & materials, Stellencbosch, South Africa, 10-13 April 2017

12. J.P. Mofokeng, A.S. Luyt, Morphology, thermal degradation and mechanical properties of biodegradable polyester blends and nanocomposites. 20th International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM20), Copenhagen, Denmark, 19-24 July 2015.

13. J.P. Mofokeng, A.S. Luyt, ‘Preparation and characterisation of biodegradable PLA/PHBV, PLA/PCL and PHBV/PCL polymer blends and their nanocomposites with TiO₂ as filler. BiPoCo 2014, 2nd international conference on Bio-based polymers and composites, 24-28 August 2014, Visegrád, Hungary.

14. J.P. Mofokeng, A.S. Luyt, J. Kovacs. Comparison of injection moulded natural fibre reinforced composites with PP and PLA as matrices, 11th international conference on frontiers of polymers and advanced materials, 22-27 May 2011, Pretoria, South Africa.

15. J.P. Mofokeng, A.S. Luyt, J. Kovacs. Comparison of injection moulded natural fibre reinforced composites with PP and PLA as matrices. 11th Annual UNESCO/IUPAC Workshop and Conference on Functional Polymeric Materials & Composites, 26-29 April 2011, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

16. J.P. Mofokeng, A.S. Luyt, ‘Preparation and characterisation of biodegradable PLA/PHBV, PLA/PCL and PHBV/PCL polymer blends and their nanocomposites with TiO2 as filler. 12th Annual UNESCO/IUPAC Workshop and Conference on Macromolecules & Materials, 25-28 March 2013, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

17. J.P. Mofokeng, A.S. Luyt. Preparation and characterization of completely biodegradable polymer-titania nanocomposites.Keynote lecture presented at EUROFILLERS 2013, 25-29 August 2013, Bratislava, Slovakia.

18. J.P. Mofokeng, A.S. Luyt, J. Kovacs. Comparison of injection moulded, natural fibre reinforced composites with PP and PLA as matrices. POLYCHAR 19 – World Forum on Advanced Materials, 20-24 March 2011, Kathmandu, Nepal.

19. S.S. Ochigbo, A.S. Luyt, J.P. Mofokeng, T. Antic, M.D. Dramicanin, V. Djokovic. Thermoplastic starch- La(OH)₃ nanocomposites: Preparation and properties. Invited lecture at the 11th Annual UNESCO/IUPAC Workshop and Conference on Functional Polymeric Materials & Composites, 26-29 April 2011, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

20. S.S. Ochigbo, A.S. Luyt, J.P. Mofokeng, T. Antic, M.D. Dramicanin, V. Djokovic. Thermoplastic starch- La(OH)₃ nanocomposites: Preparation and properties. Invited lecture at the 11th International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials, 22-26 May 2011, Pretoria, South Africa.

21. S.S. Ochigbo, A.S. Luyt, J.P. Mofokeng, T. Antic, M.D. Dramicanin, V. Djokovic. Thermoplastic starch- La(OH)3 nanocomposites: Preparation and properties. Frontiers in Polymer Science, 29-31 May 2011, Lyon, France.

A. AREA OF RESEARCH: POLYMER SCIENCE

Preparation, synthesis and Characterisation of completely biodegradable polymers, their blends, blends composites/nanocomposites with natural fibres, and inorganic nanomaterials as fillers/reinforcements for applications in building, automotive interior  as well as short shelve life/disposable products (packaging) industries.

I have four projects that are handled by me and my post graduate students that are running concurrently and the titles are as follows:

1. Preparation and characterisation of flame retarded natural fibre reinforced PBS/PCL blends.

2. Preparation and characterisation of PLA/PCL nanocomposites with Mg(OH)₂ and functionalised-TiO₂.

3. Structure and properties of DAP flame retarded PLA/PCL/natural fibre blend composites.

4. Preparation and characterisation of biodegradable polymer blends nanocomposites with PC encapsulated MWCNT and functionalised TiO₂.

B. CURRENT SUPERVISION AND CO-SUPERVISION

2. Supervisor for M. D. Maphakisa (M.Sc. in Polymer Science), Project title “Design and Tailored Biodegradable Composites for 3D Printing of Medical Device Applications” 2024-2025.

3. Supervisor for M. T. Mokoena (Ph.D. in Polymer Science), Project title “Studies on morphology, thermal, thermomechanical and mechanical properties of PLA/PCL/inorganic nanofiller for possible use in personal hygiene applications.” 2024-2026.

4. Supervisor for Mr L. Seromo (Ph.D. in Polymer Science), Project title “Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide/zirconium phosphate (GO/ZrP) and graphene oxide/titanium phosphates (GO/TiP) comparative study for applications in water bodies treatment.” 2023-2025.

5. Co-Supervisor for N.P. Dlamini (Ph.D. in Zoology), Project title “Ecotoxicological Effects of Biodegradable PLA, PCL and PHBV Polymer Blends Nanocomposites Filled with TiO₂ Nanoparticles.” 2022-2024.

C. COMPLETED HONOURS AND MASTERS STUNDETS UNDER MY SUPERVISION AND CO-SUPERVISION

I supervised ten (10) Honours, five (5) Masters , one (1)  Doctoral Degrees students, and co-supervised two (2) Masters Degree student that have already acquired their degrees and graduated.

1. Supervisor for T. Moeleso (BSc. Hons. in Polymer Science), Project title "Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites with excellent morphology and dielectric properties for electromagnetic  interference (EMI)  shielding applications." 2024.

2. Supervisor for Miss MD Maphakisa (BSc. Hons. In Polymer Science), Project Title “Preparation and characterisation of PLA/PC-enc-MWCNTs nanocomposite for possible application in electronics” 2023.

3. Supervisor for Miss F.I. Kumalo (B.Sc. Hons. In Polymer Science), Project title “Structure and thermomechanical properties of melt-mixed PLA/PCL/DAP biodegradable polymer blends composites” 2022.

4. Supervisor for Miss D.J. Mokheseng (B.Sc. Hons in Polymer Science), Project title “Structure and thermal degradation studies of melt mixed PLA/PCL/SiO2 blends nanocomposites” 2021.

5. Supervisor for Mr L.S. Mokoena (Ph.D. in Polymer Science), Project title “Preparation and characterization of PLA/PCL, PLA/PHBV and PLA/PBS blends composites with Graphene oxide as a filler for water  purification” 2021-2023.

6. Supervisor for Mr L. Seromo (M.Sc. in Polymer Science), Project title “Effect of SiO₂ and functionalized TiO2 nanofillers on the thermal and thermomechanical properties of biodegradable polymer blends” 2019- 2022.

7. Supervisor for Mr Z.S. Zikode (M.Sc. in Polymer Science), Project title “Structure and properties of bio-based polymer blends filled with inorganic nanofillers” 2019-2023.

8. Supervisor for Mr LS Mokoena (M.Sc. in Polymer Science). Project title “Preparation and characterisation of poly(lactic acid)/polyethylene vinyl acetate/graphene oxide composites for water purification studies” 2018-2020.

9. Co-supervisor for Mr RG Moji (M.Sc. Material Science). Project title “Thermal, structural and optical properties of SiO₂ doped with Tb3 dispersed in PLA” 2016-2020.

10. Supervisor for Miss LT Mukwada (M.Sc. in Polymer science). Project title “Preparation and characterisation of biodegradable polymers nanocomposites with Mg(OH)₂ and functionalised TiO₂ nanoparticles as fillers” 2016-2018.

11. Supervisor for Mr T.A. Tsotetsi (M.Sc. in Polymers science). Project title “Preparation and characterisation of flame retarded natural fibre biopolymer blends” 2016-2017.

12. Co-supervisor for T.B. Motloung (M.Sc. in Polymer Science). Project title “The improvement of thermo-switch properties in polyolefins/carbon black composites by the addition of wax and atactic polypropylene” 2014-2016.

13. Supervisor for Miss S. Gawe (B.Sc. Hons in Polymer Science), Mini project title “Structure and properties of melt mixed biodegradable PLA/PBS polymer blends nanocomposites with TiO₂ as a filler” 2019.

14. Supervisor for Miss N. Lekena (B.Sc. Hons in polymer Science), Mini project title “Preparation and characterisation of PHBV/PBS/TiO₂ blends nanocomposites” 2019.

15. Supervisor for Mr L Seromo (B.Sc. Hons in Polymer Science), Mini project title “Preparation and Preparation and Preparation and Preparation and Preparation and Preparation and Preparation and Preparation and Preparation and characterisation of biodegradable polymer blends nanocomposites with APTMS functionalized TiO₂ as a filler” 2018.

16. Supervisor for Miss S Khambule (B.Sc. Hons in Polymer Science), Mini project title “preparation and characterisation of PCL/PBS and PCL/PBS/PC ternary blends” 2018.

17. Supervisor for Miss M.A. Makhalema (B.Sc. Hons in Polymer Science), Mini project title “Structure and properties of DAP flame retarded PLA/PCL/Natural fibre blend composites” 2016.

D. COLLABORATIONS

1. A Research collaboration established between Dr Julia Puseletso Mofokeng at Department of Chemistry in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, and Dr Khangelani Moyo at the Department of Social Sciences in the Faculty of Humanities, both from the University of the Free State (QwaQwa Campus), under Research Project title: “Community-centred solutions to the plastic waste problems in quasi- rural settings: the case of Phuthaditjhaba, Free State” Starting from May 2024.

2. A research collaboration established between Dr Julia Puseletso Mofokeng at the University of the Free State and Assistant Professor Blanke Škipina, PhD, at the University of Banjaluka, Faculty of Technology, in Serbia, Europe, under the Research Project title “Dielectric properties polymer nanocomposites” starting from 17 January 2024.

3. A research collaboration was established between Libyan Advanced Center for Chemical Analysis in Libya (Dr Nagi Greesh), and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State in South Africa (Dr Julia Puseletso Mofokeng) for a period of five years, starting from 29 November 2023.

4. I have independently established a research collaboration with Professors AJ Mishra, and S Bhardwaj Mishra, with their PhD student Mrs SC Mojaki from the Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, University of South Africa (Florida Campus), Johannesburg in 2017, and one article was submitted and published online on the 24th of March 2018, publication [6].

E. LEADERSHIP AND SERVING IN UNIVERSITY’S PROFESSIONAL COMMITTEES

(a). AT THE DEPARTMENTAL LEVEL:

I am appointed as the coordinator of the Postgraduate (BSc Hons, MSc, and PhD) two weekly presentations, and responsible for Scheduling and Coordination: Responsible for coordinating the schedule of postgraduate presentations in consultation with faculty and students, ensuring that dates and times are suitable and accommodating for all parties involved.

Logistical Arrangements: Oversee the logistical arrangements for each presentation, including room reservations, equipment setup, and ensuring that all necessary resources are available for presenters.

Communication and Documentation: Serving as the primary point of contact, you will communicate details about presentations to faculty, students, and staff. This includes distributing schedules, guidelines, and any updates or changes related to the presentations.

Support for Presenters: Provide support and guidance to postgraduate students preparing for their presentations, ensuring they understand the expectations and requirements for their presentations.

Evaluation and Feedback: Facilitating feedback sessions and evaluations following presentations to provide constructive feedback to students and help them improve their presentation skills. January 2023- Current).

(b). AT FACULTY LEVEL:

Natural and Agricultural Sciences (NAS) representative in QwaQwa Research Management and Funding Committee UFS (QRMFC) (2020-Current).

(c). AT CAMPUS LEVEL:

1. I am appointed as the Deputy Chairperson of the QwaQwa Research Management and Funding Committee UFS (QRMFC), Office of the Vice Principal: Academic and Research, Prof Pearl Sithole (April 2024-April 2026).

2. Chairperson of the organising committee of the UFS (QwaQwa Campus) Research Conference 2022, organised by Natural and Agricultural Sciences Faculty (NAS) and QwaQwa Research Management and Funding Committee UFS (QRMFC) that was held on 28 and 29 September 2024, at Harrismith Inn Hotel in Harrismith Town.

 (d). AT INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL:

1. I am appointed as the representative for the University of the Free State (UFS) (QwaQwa Campus) Academic Sector in the UFS Institutional Multi-stake-holder Group. This is a group that is linked to the University`s Institutional Transformation Plan (2021-Current).

2. Member of the Local Organising Committee in the Science Innovation Exchange (SIX) Global Events in partnership with the UFS, that will be held from 27 September to 02 October 2024, all three campuses of the university.

3. I served on the panel in evaluation of the projects funding proposals for UFS’s Central Research Funds / Grands’ yearly awards for interdisciplinary research projects for 2021 and 2023, The office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellors (DVC): Research.

4. Served as the panellist in the Committee deciding on UFS-National Research Foundation (NRF)-Thuthuka Grants for 2022, and 2024.

5. Currently invited to serve on the panel, which will determine the successful NAS CRF grants (02 August 2024).

The recent advances in the field of light-weight materials, and related methods, entail the development of new and promising materials in order to replace the oil/ based polymers and heavy conventional materials, such as metals and ceramics in the short-shelve live application/industry. This is done by modifying the current technologies, and optimizing the processing conditions to achieve low-cost, energy saving, environmentally friendly, high-speed and high quality mass production. There are also research efforts aimed at finding suitable preparation methods, study of the compatibility of the constituents making up the final product, determining whether the final products will meet industrial applications requirements, and whether it they will be strong enough to last for the required period, and determining whether the product can be made cost-effectively. Therefore, my research involves the preparation and characterisation of completely biodegradable polymers, their blends, blends composites and nanocomposites with natural fibres, and inorganic nano materials as compatibilizers, and fillers/reinforcements for applications in building, automotive interiors as well as packaging industries.

The ongoing research involves the preparation of biodegradable polymer blends composites/nanocomposites to improve morphology, thermal, thermos-mechanical, and mechanical properties for applications in packaging, water purification, and disposable medical devices. The inorganic fillers are used to stabilise the interfaces, and equally improve miscibility and flame retardation. I have number of projects that are running currently, and I have conducted research, prepared and characterized the sample, interpreted and discussed results. The writing up of two papers that are envisaged to be submitted before the end of  of 2025 has commenced, 

Bio-composites made up of bio-polymer matrices reinforced with natural fibres/inorganic nanofillers seems to be the best solution towards the improvement of interfaces, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, the most serious concern with natural fibres is their hydrophilic nature, which can lead to poor adhesion between the fibre and hydrophobic polymer matrices. The poor fibre-polymer matrix adhesion causes reduced mechanical properties. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the mechanical and other properties of bio-composites by introducing chemical or physical treatments to the natural fibres. 2 projects will run for 2025/2026 period,

1. Preparation and characterization of PC-encapsulated MWCNT flame retarded natural fibre reinforced PLA/PCL blends
2. Structure and properties of DAP flame retarded PLA/PHBV/natural fibre blend composites

Future Planned research 2
For the years 2022 to 2026 in the use of inorganic nanoparticles as fillers in the biodegradable polymer blends, as they have shown to be an area of interest. Inorganic nanoparticles are mostly naturally occurring and non-toxic; they are safe to use.  They have the ability to act as a filler and as a compatibilizer at the same time. Also of importance to note is that they have been shown to result in nanocomposites with good chemical resistance, mechanical properties and low permeability to gases; and good compatibility at the interface between different polymer phases. The challenge however is the agglomeration of the nanoparticles with limits the improvement of desired properties and the amount of filler which can be used. This research is envisaged to address all these issues, and the anticipated projects are as follows: 

1. Preparation and characterization of PLA/PHBV nanocomposites with Mg(OH)₂ and functionalised-TiO₂.
2. Preparation and characterization of biodegradable polymer blends nanocomposites with PC encapsulated MWCNT and functionalized SiO₂ and as fillers.
3. Preparation and characterization of PHBV/PCL nanocomposites with and functionalised-TiO₂ and SiO₂ nanoparticles as fillers.

There are also a number of other suitable nanoparticles, e.g. zirconia and conductive particles like nano-copper and nano-silver, that may be used in similar investigations. 3 to 6 papers will be published by the end of 2025.

Aims
To develop biodegradable polymer composites with improved mechanical and flame retardant properties using, natural fibres and inorganic nanofillers, in the blends of polybutylene succinate (PBS), Poly(caprolactone) (PCL) and Polylactic acid (PLA), Poly(Hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) and other biodegradable polymers for the use in application for packaging, aerospace and automotive industries.

Objectives
Natural fibres and some inorganic nano-fillers will treated to modify their surfaces, mainly to distribute the hydrogen bonds in the network structure, thereby increasing the surface roughness. Different loadings of the fillers and nanofillers will be added to the neat blends in order to improve different. Their morphological/structural, thermal, mechanical, thermo-mechanical and flame retardant behaviour/properties of the samples will be investigated. When the research is completed, six to ten research articles will be published by the end of 2025. In each year I will supervise at least two honours, two Masters, and one Doctoral degrees students I am planning to establish my own research group for energy saving and environmental awareness.

preparation and characterization of:

Petroleum and biodegradable polymers

their Blends

composites

nanocomposites

Polymers science research equipment operation, characterization, and interpretation, and discussions of the results from:

 Hot melt mixer and extruder

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM),

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM),

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 

Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA),

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)

TGA-FTIR

Melt flow tester (MFI)

Surface energy evaluation system (SEES)

Thermal conductivity measurement system (TCMS)

PHYSICAL POLYMER SCIENCE (CMPP 6814 )

(16 credits, 32 hours theory, 64 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours)

Lecturer: Dr J.P. Mofokeng.

Prescribed book:

Introduction to Polymers Third edition, by Robert J. Young and Peter A. Lovell.

Course content:

• Molecular weights and sizes
• Polymer structure and morphology
• Polymer structure-property relationships
• The deformation of an elastic solid
• Rubber-like elasticity
• Principles of linear viscoelasticity
• Anisotropic mechanical behaviour
• Relaxation transitions

AT THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE MODULE, STUDENTS SHOULD:

1. Understand and be able to apply the concepts underlying molecular weights and sizes of polymers

2. Understand the chain-like structure of polymers, and be able to describe and explain polymer features like crystalline structure, amorphous structure, glass transitions and melting, models used to explain the morphology in semi-crystalline polymers, and orientation

3. Know and understand the relationships between polymer structure/morphology and the different physical properties

POLYMER CHARACTERIZATION (POLYMER TESTING AND CHARACTERIZATION II) (CMPC 6824)

(16 credits, 32 hours theory, 64 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours)

Lecturer: Dr J.P. Mofokeng.

Prescribed handbook:

Thermal analysis of polymers, Fundamentals and Applications, by Joseph, D. Menczel and Bruce, R. Prime

Course content:

• Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
• Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
• Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)
• Testing of mechanical properties (Tensile and Impactor)
• Testing of electrical properties, optical properties, environmental stability, chemical resistance, particle size, adhesion, permeability and diffusion

AT THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE MODULE, STUDENTS SHOULD:

1. Understand and be able to explain the basic principles of most of the research techniques.

2. Understand the instrumental setups, and experimental designs for each technique

3. Be able to Interpret and explain the results

C. RESEARCH PROJECT (CMPR 6804) 

(16 credits, 32 Research meetings, 128 hours practicals, Mini research project with mini-dissertation)

Research project supervisor: Dr JP Mofokeng.

AT THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE MODULE, STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

1. Plan and execute a research project in the field of polymer science

2. Search for relevant literature, read the contents, and critically and comparatively summarise the information obtained from the literature

3. Correctly present and interpret the research results

4. Neatly write a dissertation in the correct format

D. Master of Science (MSc) majoring in Polymer Science (PLYS8900) by Research (Dissertation)

E. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) majoring in Polymer Science (PLYS9100) by Research (Thesis)

F. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) majoring in Zoology (ZOOL9100) by Research (Thesis)

I am also Part of all Honours degree modules Practicals:

1. CMPP 6814, 

2. CMPC 6824

3. CMPR 6808.

4. Polymers and Polymerization (CMPO 6814),

5. Polymer Testing and Characterization I (CMPA 6814),

6. Applied Polymer Science (CMPA 6824),

7. Polymers and Polymer Reactions (CMPR 6814),

8. Polymer Blends, Composites and Nanocomposites (CMPB 6824),