The third day of the South African Mountain Conference (SAMC) 2025 witnessed a pivotal dialogue, with the Royal Mountain Indaba – a collaboration between UNESCO and the University of the Free State (UFS) – bringing together Royal leaders, academics, practitioners, and policy makers. This landmark gathering convened custodians of customary law, indigenous knowledge systems, and key stakeholders to address pressing transboundary issues threatening the sustainable development of the greater Drakensberg region. The event aimed to foster dialogue and collaboration, recognising the critical role of traditional knowledge in safeguarding this vital ecosystem.
Transboundary issues, indigenous wisdom
Facilitated by Sissie Matela, Director of Environmental and Rural Solutions, and Dr Molapo Qhobela, Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Institutional Change, Strategic Partnerships and Societal Impact at the University of the Free State, the indaba provided a crucial platform for diverse perspectives to converge.
The presence of numerous representatives from the Royal House featured the significance of customary law in addressing environmental challenges. Sechaba Motsumi, environmental adviser to the Bakoena and Baklokoa Royal Houses, delivered a compelling presentation on the intricate management of biodiversity and the potential for leveraging livelihood opportunities through sustainable practices. His insights highlighted the deep connection between traditional communities and the natural environment, emphasising the importance of integrating indigenous knowledge into conservation strategies.
A thought-provoking presentation by Dr Jacques Matthee, UFS Vice-Dean: Teaching and Learning in the Faculty of Law, ignited a discussion on the intricate relationship between law, land, and nature. The core question, ‘whose reality counts?’ challenged attendees to consider the often-divergent perspectives of leaders and local communities.
Transboundary wildlife, unified conservation efforts
Further enriching the discourse, Ndapanda Kanime, SPO Natural Resources and Wildlife Directorate of Food, Agriculture, and Resources, Southern African Development Community (SADC), addressed the critical issue of transboundary migration and law enforcement. Her presentation shed light on the complex challenges associated with managing wildlife movement across national borders and the imperative for coordinated regional efforts to combat illegal activities.
The indaba served as a vital forum for exchanging knowledge, building relationships, and identifying collaborative solutions. Participants engaged in robust discussions, exploring strategies to harmonise customary law with contemporary environmental management practices. The focus on transboundary issues recognised the interconnected nature of the Drakensberg ecosystem and the need for a unified approach to its conservation.
Dr Qhobela emphasised the University of the Free State's commitment to supporting initiatives that bridge the gap between traditional knowledge and scientific research. "This indaba demonstrates the power of collaboration in addressing complex environmental challenges," he stated. "By bringing together diverse stakeholders, we can develop innovative solutions that ensure the long-term sustainability of the Drakensberg region."
Matela echoed this sentiment, highlighting the importance of empowering local communities to play a central role in conservation efforts. "The custodians of customary law possess invaluable knowledge that is essential for effective environmental management," she said. "This indaba provided a platform for them to share their expertise and contribute to the development of sustainable solutions."
The Royal Mountain Indaba marks a significant step towards building a collaborative framework for the sustainable development of the greater Drakensberg. The outcomes of the gathering are expected to inform future policy decisions and initiatives aimed at protecting this vital ecosystem for generations to come.