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01 September 2019 | Story Lacea Loader | Photo Stephen Collett
Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng
From the left: Prof Prakash Naidoo, Vice-Rector: Operations at the UFS; Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng, Chief Justice of the Republic of South Africa; and Prof John Mubangizi, Dean: Faculty of Law at the UFS.
    Watch the full prestige lecture HERE.


“The government of the day should be based on the will of the people and must be led by people who deserve to lead us.” These were the words of Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng, the Chief Justice of the Republic of South Africa, during a prestige lecture delivered in the Faculty of Law on the Bloemfontein Campus of the University of the Free State (UFS) on 30 August 2019.

In addressing the topic of ‘Transformative Constitutionalism’, Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng said this simply meant that the constitution was used as a tool to change or move a family, society, institution or the nation from an unacceptable to a more desirable position. He added that constitutionalism can be enhanced through ethical, courageous, and visionary leadership.

“There is a belief that judges should have nothing to do with matters of politics. I agree, but only to a certain extent. Judges are supposed to deal with political issues, as they interpret the constitution and the law. It is inescapable in a South African context. Some say that judges should only speak through their judgments. I've always said that our constitution is political in nature.”

“The preamble of our Constitution says this country belongs to all who live in it, but to what extent have we allowed our Constitution to achieve these objectives? A constitution does not implement itself. It takes people with a particular mindset and conviction. Transformation demands from the public to ensure that government is truly based on the will of the people,” he said.

According to the Chief Justice, South Africa needs strong and well-resourced institutions – including a strong judiciary. Institutions must be vigilant for any form of abuse of power and capture. Institutions cannot only be captured by external forces. They can be captured internally as well.

Another crucial element is education and the quality and condition of higher education at every level. “Our school system must allow the youth who are coming from high school to be able to adapt with ease when they get to university.”

“We need people who truly love their country to assume positions of power. Transformative constitutionalism is all about giving expression in a practical way. We should look at solutions for our country based on compromise that can bring us together as South Africans.”

He paid tribute to people such as former President Nelson Mandela, Mama Albertina Sisulu, and Adv Bram Fischer, who opted for the greater good of many, rather than personal satisfaction and gain. “South Africa belongs to all – not some – who live in it, united in our diversity. Are you prepared to serve the state? Do you love this nation? Go out there and pursue social justice. Don't buy things from thieves just because they are cheap. You are encouraging crime.”

“We can't continue this way and expect a different outcome. It is not too late; go out there and contribute towards building the South Africa that we can be proud of,” he concluded.

Hosted by Prof John Mubangizi, Dean of the UFS Faculty of Law, the prestige lecture was attended by approximately 800 guests, comprising senior members of the Supreme Court of Appeal, the Free State Division of the High Court, the university’s executive management, the Faculty of Law, staff members, students, and members of the public.

The Prestige Lecture Series was originally known as the Law Deans’ Prestige Lecture Series and was initiated by the late Prof Johan Henning, former Dean of the UFS Faculty of Law. The series started in 2011 as an initiative to encourage, develop, and expand academic discourse on topical jurisprudential issues and other related matters. Previous lectures were delivered by, among others, Prof Barry Rider from the University of Cambridge in the UK; Justice Richard Goldstone, formerly of the Constitutional Court of South Africa; former Deputy Chief Justice Dikgang Moseneke; and more recently, Judge President Dennis Davis.

Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng with some of the guests who attended the Prestige Lecture
Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng with some of the guests who attended the Prestige Lecture
From the left: Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng, Prof John Mubangizi, Prof Prakash Naidoo
From the left: Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng, Prof John Mubangizi, Prof Prakash Naidoo
Audience at the Prestige Lecture
Audience at the Prestige Lecture
Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng
Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng

News Archive

Eye tracker device a first in Africa
2013-07-31

 

 31 July 2013

Keeping an eye on empowerment

"If we can see what you see, we can think what you think."

Eye-tracking used to be one of those fabulous science-fiction inventions, along with Superman-like bionic ability. Could you really use the movement of your eyes to read people's minds? Or drive your car? Or transfix your enemy with a laser-beam?

Well, actually, yes, you can (apart, perhaps, from the laser beam… ). An eye tracker is not something from science fiction; it actually exists, and is widely used around the world for a number of purposes.

Simply put, an eye tracker is a device for measuring eye positions and eye movement. Its most obvious use is in marketing, to find out what people are looking at (when they see an advertisement, for instance, or when they are wandering along a supermarket aisle). The eye tracker measures where people look first, what attracts their attention, and what they look at the longest. It is used extensively in developed countries to predict consumer behaviour, based on what – literally – catches the eye.

On a more serious level, psychologists, therapists and educators can also use this device for a number of applications, such as analysis and education. And – most excitingly – eye tracking can be used by disabled people to use a computer and thereby operate a number of devices and machines. Impaired or disabled people can use eye tracking to get a whole new lease on life.

In South Africa and other developing countries, however, eye tracking is not widely used. Even though off-the-shelf webcams and open-source software can be obtained extremely cheaply, they are complex to use and the quality cannot be guaranteed. Specialist high-quality eye-tracking devices have to be imported, and they are extremely expensive – or rather – they used to be. Not anymore.

The Department of Computer Science and Informatics (CSI) at the University of the Free State has succeeded in developing a high-quality eye tracker at a fraction of the cost of the imported devices. Along with the hardware, the department has also developed specialised software for a number of applications. These would be useful for graphic designers, marketers, analysts, cognitive psychologists, language specialists, ophthalmologists, radiographers, occupational and speech therapists, and people with disabilities. In the not-too-distant future, even fleet owners and drivers would be able to use this technology.

"The research team at CSI has many years of eye-tracking experience," says team leader Prof Pieter Blignaut, "both with the technical aspect as well as the practical aspect. We also provide a multi-dimensional service to clients that includes the equipment, training and support. We even provide feedback to users.

"We have a basic desktop model available that can be used for research, and can be adapted so that people can interact with a computer. It will be possible in future to design a device that would be able to operate a wheelchair. We are working on a model incorporated into a pair of glasses which will provide gaze analysis for people in their natural surroundings, for instance when driving a vehicle.

"Up till now, the imported models have been too expensive," he continues. "But with our system, the technology is now within reach for anyone who needs it. This could lead to economic expansion and job creation."

The University of the Free State is the first manufacturer of eye-tracking devices in Africa, and Blignaut hopes that the project will contribute to nation-building and empowerment.

"The biggest advantage is that we now have a local manufacturer providing a quality product with local training and support."

In an eye-tracking device, a tiny infra-red light shines on the eye and causes a reflection which is picked up by a high-resolution camera. Every eye movement causes a change in the reflection, which is then mapped. Infra-red light is not harmful to the eye and is not even noticed. Eye movement is then completely natural.

Based on eye movements, a researcher can study cognitive patterns, driver behaviour, attention spans, even thinking patterns. A disabled person could use their eye-movements to interact with a computer, with future technology (still in development) that would enable that computer to control a wheelchair or operate machinery.

The UFS recently initiated the foundation of an eye-tracking interest group for South Africa (ETSA) and sponsor a biennial-eye tracking conference. Their website can be found at www.eyetrackingsa.co.za.

“Eye tracking is an amazing tool for empowerment and development in Africa, “ says Blignaut, “but it is not used as much as it should be, because it is seen as too expensive. We are trying to bring this technology within the reach of anyone and everyone who needs it.”

Issued by: Lacea Loader
Director: Strategic Communication

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