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25 May 2020 | Story Keamogetswe Juries, Dimakatšo Veronica Masenya, Mamokoena Mokoena, and Joy Owen | Photo Photo by Magda Ehlers from Pexels
At the start of our democracy, four years into her existence, President Mbeki offered a new hopeful vision that was inclusive of our African compatriots to the north. In her rebirth, South Africa masqueraded as the land of milk and honey; a land to which the destitute, hopeless, and impoverished citizens of the rest of Africa would flee as they escaped hunger, failed states, failing healthcare systems, and certain death in the countries of their birth. In response, we treated our African neighbours variably, but most notably (and newsworthy) as pariahs of the South African state and its citizens. In short, we treated them as outsiders, akin to waste, to be erased from the South African psyche and landscape.

Yet, these African others have a history that is mired in the depths of our South African soil – they have been digging into the richness of our land, excavating diamonds, gold, and copper for decades. Mozambican. Basotho. Zimbabwean. Since the late 1970s and 1980s, Congolese, predominantly from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, first arrived in South Africa as highly educated professionals – doctors, dentists, mathematicians, and lecturers – and were employed by the South African state; then as entrepreneurs, educated refugees, and working-class asylum seekers. Soon other Africans arrived from Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, Liberia, Senegal, and Somalia. So too, our South Asian compatriots from Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. 

If we are to believe headline reports over the past 15 years, acceptance of those African migrants living in South African townships has been predominantly negative, with widespread xenophobic attacks against particularly working-class black African ‘foreigners’. They have been maimed, killed, and robbed of their dignity in various ways, because their citizenship was not secured within the foothills of South African soil. They have been harangued, harassed, and brutalised, because they could not speak a South African language (or so we are led to believe); they have been questioned, humiliated, and shot at by police in random raids or random searches in the streets of Johannesburg. They have been harassed in hair salons and threatened with kidnapping; they have been thrown from moving trains, necklaced and killed in Bloemfontein, Masiphumelele, Bellville, Pretoria, Philippi, Katlehong and elsewhere in South Africa. The horror of these events, these experiences, should lead to outcries. Provide a moment of pause. And yet, they have not. 

Some commentators argue that the violence meted out against our African brothers and sisters is indicative of a violent South Africa. Xenophobia is thus subsumed under the aberrant reality of a violent South African population, as embodied and expressed through a virulent, oppressive, and toxic hyper-masculinity. To subsume xenophobic or Afrophobic violence in this way ironically captures African nationals as part of the contemporary South African story, enmeshed within our collective present of high unemployment, and continuing racial, gendered, and deep social inequalities. However, we are not encouraged to perceive this subtlety and nuance. Rather, prior to the arrival of  COVID-19 in South Africa, xenophobia were commonplace on the streets, in taxis, in supermarkets, in Home Affairs offices, at schools, at universities, at local clinics, in townships, and in barbershops; if not in deed, then in thought and in word. The psychological distancing created by the word makwerekwere – a reference to African migrants among us – still stings. 
Yet other stories exist too. For example, as xenophobia made headlines in South Africa in 2008, residents in Makhanda (then Grahamstown) protected immigrant spaza-shop owners. Women, in particular, discouraged looting of spaza shops, arguing – as elsewhere in South African lokshins – that foreing nationals fed the hungry and protected the destitute from complete and utter ruin. They allowed umama to purchase essentials such as maize meal, oil, sugar, and tea on credit. Child-headed households, old-age pensioners, and other destitute households were also assisted.

Some residents begrudgingly commented that ‘these foreigners’ worked together, combining their money and buying in bulk. By buying in bulk, they were able to purchase more products, and offer these to consumers at lower prices than their South African counterparts. The land of milk and honey had become competitive, and rather than respond to competition proactively by creating solidarity networks among themselves, many South African spaza shop owners fell into ruin.

As government’s plans for its citizens are shared during COVID-19, the silence on serving the needs of the African migrant population is deafening. Small business owners, students, barbers, cooks, hairstylists, car park attendants, pastors, traders, and entrepreneurs – they too are affected, with no recourse to government’s coffers as non-citizens. As non-citizens, government does not perceive them as bona fide beneficiaries of the state; their assumed rootlessness and statelessness leave them in a precarious quagmire, reliant on handouts from local South African and other diasporic organisations. Yet, their labour too contributes to the ticking over of South Africa’s economy. Just like you and me, they purchase food in supermarkets or vegetables from hawkers on the street; they pay taxi fares, pay university fees (much higher than South Africans), need medical care and attention, participate in illicit undertakings, fall in love, marry, live and die. More pertinently, in the time of COVID-19, they – like South Africans – also shared what they have and more with South Africans in need.


Educational migrants
From the suspension of academic activities to the total shutdown of the country, little has been noted about the experiences of African educational migrants. The suspension of academic activities on 16 March led to the closure of South African universities in an attempt to limit movement and gatherings on campuses. This reality forced students to head home. Those educational migrants who could not return home for various reasons, were accommodated by certain higher education institutions and remain in lockdown on campuses, separated from immediate family and the familiarity of ‘home’.  These are anxious times.

Stop for a moment and conjure up the feelings, smells, experiences, and attachments related to home. Imagine the smile of your grandmother, the sound of your siblings’ laughter, the earthy, homely smell of your mother’s cooking; the heat of the day, the shade sought under the tree in the backyard, gossiping with favourite cousins, your grandmother, or aunt. Get lost in the stoicism of your father, and the familiar sounds of home. The sound of padded feet moving down the passage; the click of the kettle as it boils water for the day’s morning beverage. The radio or TV tuned in to the news. All of this and more provide the backdrop of familiarity, comfort, and casual belonging, ‘back home’. All of this, gone with the stroke of an ordinary ballpoint pen held by the hand of President Ramaphosa, ratifying the closure of South Africa’s borders. Gone.

Access to medical care and attention
Hard lockdown rules, including physical distancing, curtailed movement via taxis within provinces, no interprovincial travel, and a ban on street vendors and entrepreneurs limited the movement of vectors of transmission – human beings – irrespective of nationality, race, gender, age, and profession. An early attempt at curtailing movement included the closure of South Africa’s borders, which left numerous circular and economic migrants from Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Mozambique in limbo. Provision was made for African migrants whose visas expired before or during lockdown. However, asylum seekers whose request for asylum has been denied, as well as undocumented migrants, have not been provided for. 

On 15 April 2020, the Centre for Human Rights and the Centre for Applied Legal Studies issued a plea to government to ensure the inclusion of African migrants in updated frameworks for healthcare during COVID-19. This plea was not without reason. Research shows that undocumented and legal migrants have met with disdain from various medical personnel when seeking urgent medical care in South Africa. Yet, the nature of the virus knows no borders. It doesn’t check your legality or illegality, nor does it ask to see your bar-coded South African identification document or identity card. 

The situation we find ourselves in demands that every individual resident in South Africa be screened, tested for, and treated for COVID-19. There is no room for medical discrimination, as the efforts to curb the exponential increase in the infection rate could be nullified by this act. The vulnerable among us, irrespective of nationality, should be assisted with the promise of amnesty from prosecution and persecution. The failure to include African migrants, however categorised, threatens every other individual in her environment; and as the virus is non-discriminatory, it behoves South Africans to follow suit.

At death’s door
The government gazette dated 2 April 2020 prohibits all forms of social gatherings, with the exception of funerals. As per the rules, the number of mourners attending a funeral or cremation service should not exceed fifty.  A permit for attending funerals or cremation services is obtained from the nearest magistrate’s office or police station.  The applicant must produce documents such as the death certificate, and in cases where the death certificate has not yet been issued, a sworn affidavit must be submitted. The regulation further stipulates those who are eligible to attend funeral or cremation services. Relatedness to the deceased is defined as ‘close’ and is measured by blood, marriage, and/or caregiving bonds/responsibility.

These strict measures are meant to safeguard and protect the living from infection with COVID-19.  As President Ramaphosa said, “we have decided to take the urgent and drastic measures to manage the disease, to protect the people of our country, and reduce the impact of the virus on our society and on our economy”, when addressing the nation on 15 March 2020. 

The reference to ‘people of our country’ highlights the elephant in the room – who are the people of our country? Is the reference specific to those born in South Africa, and who thus enjoy citizenship?  Or is it inclusive of migrants from the African continent, however defined? If the President’s protection extends to include migrants, how will migrant deaths be managed? The closure of our international borders have scuppered attempts to repatriate the mortal remains of the deceased; and as fears rise that COVID-19 can still be spread by the dead, will the body of an African migrant be buried or cremated in South Africa?  Health authorities advised that cremation is the best method for dealing with a COVID-19 death. Yet, in the African context, cremation is complicated as it opposes certain belief systems. Further, mortuary facilities in South Africa are scarce and hardly able to respond to the potential need created by South African deaths, whether from COVID-19 or something else. Given this context, will African migrants finally be treated with dignity and respect in death?

Not every black African migrant crossing into South Africa is illegal or disempowered. There are middle-class nurses, dentists, doctors, university professors, mechanical engineers, businessmen, and researchers. However, they are not newsworthy, as their class status often removes them from physically violent persecution in local townships. In this extended COVID-19 moment, race and class are interlinked, as during segregation and apartheid in South Africa. So is nationality, gender, and health status. Depending on the social configuration of your identity, further confirmed by the national documents you carry, your chance of surviving COVID-19 in South Africa waxes or wanes.  Your access to healthcare, to state assistance in the form of food aid or a social grant, depends on your citizenship status; and your health and/or death is mediated through your predefined status, inclusive of your citizenship. 
The South African government will have numerous obstacles to remedy the further devastation and destitution of its citizens. We hope that the idea and characterisation of South African citizens will be inclusive of our African brothers, our African sisters, and their children. Born in South Africa, these South African children have a right to safety and security, healthcare, food, and education. Their parents too. 

In the next few weeks and months, as we move through various stages of lockdown, we should not erase ‘other Africans’ in our midst. Our humanity and our collective health are intimately interwoven with the healthy existence and humanity of others – whether South African or other African – resident in South Africa. The disease does not discriminate. Neither should we.  As James Baldwin said, “Where all human connections are distrusted, the human being is very quickly lost”. And as we as South Africans often say, ‘I am because you are’. Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu.

News Archive

UFS Official Opening, 6 February 2004 (Centenary Year)
2004-02-06

From good to great: firming up the foundations for a great, robust university – for the next 100 years
Prof Frederick CvN Fourie, Rektor
Toespraak tydens Amptelike Opening van UV, 6 Februarie 2004 (Eeufeesjaar)

Geagte mnr Volsteedt, regter Hancke, prof Retief, bestuurslede, personeel van die hoofkampus, Vista en Qwaqwa, studente, Grey-seuns, lede van die simfonie-orkes:

A week ago, on 28th of January 2004, we celebrated the 100th anniversary of the birth of this higher education institution.

It was a tremendous and joyous occation, and a stunning scene which we will never forget: the mixture of this grand, majestic building with the modern, metal stage frame, rotating search lights, coloured smoke and throbbing music of DNA strings, hundreds of staff members, thousands of dancing students, and a 100 square meter cake with 100 candles.

It was something to behold and remember all your life. It was a great party.

Today, at the official opening of this Centenary Year, is a time to reflect on what it means to be 100 years old as a university.

What does one say of the 100th celebration of the birth of a university? How does one assess such a period? Let us consider:

  • What the institution started out as
  • What the institution is
  • What the institution can be

Know from whence you came. If you know whence you came,
there are no limitations to where you can go.
African-American novelist James Baldwin (1924 - 987)

The procession of this morning, in splendid colourful academic robes, from our roots in Grey-College to this main building, symbolises the journey from the past to the present.

I will try to give you my my amateur historian’s analysis of the past 100 years: how this university came about, how it developed, how it matured.

I hope to highlight some themes that highlight the development of a real, high quality university in the Free State – and give us a firm basis for reflecting on the task we face now, on laying the foundations for the next 100 year.

Before I present this analysis, let me briefly try to characterize key phases in the development of the UFS. Roughly speaking one can identify four quarters in this century, with the last quarter being broken up in a few sub-periods.

1.      HISTORIESE OORSIG: die vier fases

1.1       DIE AANLOOP:

Alles hiervan het begin net na die totstandkoming van die Republiek van die Vrystaat in 1854. Grey-Kollege is pas daarna, op 13 Oktober 1855, gestig deur sir George Grey. Na 1890 het Grey-Kollege ook seuns begin voorberei om die intermediêre BA-eksamens (toegang tot 2e jaar van BA van University of the Cape of Good Hope) af te lê.

Pres Reitz het hom vroeër al duidelik ten gunste van ‘n eie universiteit uitgelaat, en daar was talle versoeke uit die gemeenskap om Grey so uit te brei dat Vrystaatse kinders nie weggestuur hoef te word nie.

Pres MT Steyn pleit by sy inhuldiging ook vir ‘n eie universiteit vir die Vrystaat, en gee met ‘n vurige pleidooi vir ‘n eie instelling wat studente in eie taal (Hollands) kan onderrig (en nie Engels nie), belangrike momentum aan die droom.

 

1.2       EERSTE FASE: STIGTING EN KWESBARE EERSTE JARE
(1904 – 1927)           (Eerste kwarteeu)

Op 28 Januarie 1904 vind die geboorte plaas toe die eerste 6 studente stilweg ingeskryf vir die BA graad (aanvanklik toegeken deur die University of the Cape of Good Hope), met dr Johannes Brill, toe rektor/skoolhoof van Grey-Kollege, ook as die eerste rektor van die Grey Universiteitskollege (GUK).

Die vakke wat toe aangebied is, was:
Klassieke tale (Latyn & Grieks); moderne tale (Nederlands, Duits, Engels)
Filosofie
Geskiedenis
en dan ook:
Wiskunde
Fisika
Skeikunde (Chemie)
Plant- en Dierkunde
(Natuurwetenskappe is eers in 1918 as ‘n aparte fakulteit gekonstitueer.)

Fasiliteite:

  • Onderrig het aanvanklik in ‘n klein tweevertrek geboutjie (wat later verskuif is na hierdie kampus, en nou naby huis Abraham Fischer staan) plaasgevind. Studente bly in die Grey-Kollege seunskoshuis.
  • Hoeksteenlegging van Hoofgebou op 19 Desember 1907 (dag van uittrede van Brill). Manskoshuis (later Abraham Fischer Tehuis oftewel Vishuis) se hoeksteen­legging deur Abraham Fischer (Eerste Minister van die Oranjerivierkolonie) op dieselfde dag.
  • Trek na nuwe geboue in middel 1909. Pres Steyn-dameskoshuis in 1919 betrek

Dus: 1904 – 1920: Eerste en mees basiese vakke ingestel, eerste dosente aangestel, eerste Senaat saamgestel, eerste Raad (1910), eerste geboue.

Máár steeds slegs ongeveer 100 studente in 1920. Klaarblyklik was hier nog nie ‘n lewensvatbare, sterk instelling nie. In hierdie stadium was die GUK “… nie die verpersoonliking van ‘n kragtige, vooruitstrewende, groeiende instelling waarheen ouers graag hul kinders vir tersiêre opleiding sou wou stuur nie” – geen vaste rektor (na dr. Brill se uittrede het voorsitters van die Senaat waargeneem tot met die aanstelling van ds Kestell as tweede rektor in 1920), finansieel in die knyp, geen vooruitgang en groei. Dus word Vrystaatse kinders steeds eerder na ander universiteite gestuur.

Ds JD Kestell: rektor 1920 – 1927

  • “… help versukkelde, arm, klein universiteitskollege finaal vestig”
  • Nuwe finansiële koers:
    • Studentewerwing by skole (reis rond in Vrystaat)
    • Samel fondse in by kerke, banke, ens.
    • Verkry jaarlikse skenking van Bloemfontein stadsraad (vanaf 1911)
    • Eerste suksesvolle finansiële draaistrategie (!)
  • Oortuig Afrikaanse én Engelse ouers om hulle kinders na die GUK te stuur
  • Nuwe geboue: Reitzsaalkompleks 1923 hoeksteenlegging (deel van eerste Kermis – voorganger van die Jool)
  • Aandlesings om werkende studente te help; taalvaardigheids­kursusse in Engels; oorbruggingskurssue in wiskunde en wetenskap.
  • Wel 420 studente teen 1927
  • Groot armoede onder studente, gelapte broeke ens.

Teen 1927 (einde van die eerste kwart): Eerste nederige mylpale van kritiese massa en volhoubaarheid bereik te midde van ‘n armoedige Vrystaatse gemeenskap en studentekorps.

 


 

1.3       TWEEDE FASE: 1927 – 1950      (Tweede kwarteeu)

  • Depressietye PLUS  Tweede Wêreldoorlog
  • Stryd van Nat vs Sap
  • Spanning binne Senaat, tussen Senaat en Raad, tussen Raad en studente
  • Taal- en politieke stryd te midde van politieke opkoms van NP
  • Eerste aansoeke om toelating van swart studente in 1945 oorweeg en afgekeur
  • Doelbewuste Afrikaanse rigting (Christelik-nasionaal), veral na 1948
  • Ekonomies-knellende fase, armblanke-vraagstuk impakteer op personeel en studente
  • Baie stadige groei: slegs 573 studente in 1940

 

Akademie:

  • Basiese stel fakulteite voltooi en versterk deur byvoeging van sleutel-beroepsfakulteite:
  • Fakulteit Handel 1937 (hoewel handelsvakke, bv. Ekonomie, reeds sedert 1919, ander vanaf 1928)
  • Fakulteit Regte 1945
  • Fakulteit Opvoedkunde 1945
  • Verdere ontplooiing van die basiese wetenskappe in Lettere en Wysbegeerte, o.m. Afrikatale, Romaanse en Semitiese Tale, Aardrykskunde, Staatsleer, Siel­kunde, Sosiologie, Volkekunde, Bybelkunde, Musiek, Kuns, Drama, Biblioteek­kunde, Liggaamlike Opvoeding, ens.
  • Natuurwetenskappe: Toegepaste Wiskunde; Aardkunde/Geologie word bygevoeg
  • Biblioteek al beter

Teen 1950 (tweede kwart):  Stigting van vernaamste basiese en beroepsgerigte fakulteite voltooi.

Sosiaal-politieke dimensies:

  • MT Steyn standbeeld onthul 1929 (tydens 25-jarige fees van GUK)
  • UKOVS naam: 1935 (voorheen GUK)
  • Veral beinvloed deur leiding van rektor DF Malherbe: 1929 – 1934 – kampvegter vir Afrikaans
  • Ook rektor Saayman 1934 – 1939 (ten gunste van tweetaligheid)
  • WO II: verdeelhede tussen personeel en studente
  • Na-oorlogs: Rektor Van der Merwe Scholtz (1946 – 1958).

 

1.4       DERDE FASE: 1950 – 1976         (Derde kwarteeu)

  • Ingelui en gestempel deur verkryging van onafhanklikheid as universiteit op18 Maart 1950.
  • Naam verander na UOVS
  • Rektore: Van der Merwe Scholtz; Groenewoud: Benedictus Kok
  • Hooggety van Afrikaner (en blanke) selfvertroue en heerskappy, min interne spanning (eerste tekens van spanning wel in vroeë 1970s in studentepolitiek)
  • Klaarblyklik was dit vir personeel sowel as studente relatief eenvoudige, onge­kom­pliseerde tye getipeer deur kommerlose studentepret, groeiende voor­spoed in die blanke en Afrikaanse gemeenskap, goeie werksvooruitsigte vir afge­stu­deer­de studente.
  • Studentegetalle gaan 1000 te bowe in 1950; 2000 in 1960; 4000 in 1970, 7000 in 1975.
  • Duidelike ‘volksuniversiteit’ op Christelik-nasionale grondslag, onlosmaaklik in­gebed in die dominante politieke bedeling en denkrigtings van daardie tyd: afsonderlike ontwikkeling, apartheid.
  • Akademiese fokus op onderrig, en veral ter voeding van ‘n groeiende staatsdiens- en onderwyskorps (veral in 1950s en 1960s).
  • Navorsing wel meer en meer teenwoordig, maar nog nie ‘n integrale deel van die lewe van elke akademikus nie, nie wydverspreid of regtig diep nie.
  • Verdere beroepsgerigte fakulteite gestig, belangrike mylpale vir die Vrystaat provinsie:
  • Landboufakulteit (gestig 1958; landbougebou in 1963 ingewy)
  • Mediese fakulteit (in vennootskap met die Provinsie): gestig 1969; eerste studente in 1971)
  • Verdere koshuise: Kestell, Emily Hobhouse, Reitz kamerwonings, ens.; ook die latere groot groep ‘nuwe’ koshuise van die Kok-era
  • Heelwat nuwe akademiese geboue (bv. Landbougebou, Odeion, CR Swart-gebou, Biologie-gebou; Mediese Fakulteit-gebou)
  • Uitbreiding van sportfasiliteite en –afrigting.

 

DUS: Teen 1976 (derde kwart) was die vernaamste boustene van ‘n medium-grootte universiteit (onder 8000 studente) alles in posisie (fakulteite, genoeg koshuise, geboue, sport en kultuur).

Voortdurende maar ongekompliseerde groei, veral na1965, sonder veel finansiële beperkings.

Op die oog af is die ideaal van volwaardige, onafhanklike universiteit in hierdie tyd verwesenlik (…maar dalk nie werklik so volledig nie…)

In daardie stadium is die UV ‘n suiwer blanke universiteit, met primêr Afrikaans­sprekende studente en personeel.

 

1.5       VIERDE FASE: 1976 – 1989        (Vierde kwarteeu se eerste deel)

  • Mouton-era en eerste deel van Retief-era
  • Begin van politieke onstabiliteit en oorgang, Soweto-onluste, drie-kamer parlement, noodtoestand, Rubicon-toespraak, UDF, ens.
  • Ekonomies ook moeiliker tydperk, na die oliekrisis en die begin van hoë inflasie, Staat se finansies begin knyp
  • Universiteit relatief geïsoleer, nie net buitelands, maar ook in SA (begin wel buite Vrystaat beweeg, bv. Noord-Kaap inisiatiewe)
  • Navorsingsbasis begin beduidend groei, veral in natuurwetenskappe
  • Teologie-fakulteit gestig (1980/81)
  • Sasol-biblioteek gebou
  • Eerste versigtige transformasiestappe deur rektor Retief
  • Eerste swart nagraadse studente (1978) en swart voorgraadse studente (1988)
  • Begin van era van multikulturaliteit
  • Begin van finansiële probleme en rasionalisasie

 

1.6       VYFDE FASE:           (Vierde kwarteeu se tweede deel)

(a) 1989 – 1996

  • Tweede, meer ingewikkelde deel van die Retief era
  • Multikulturaliteit as groot uitdaging, strukture gevestig (MK-komitee)
  • Instelling van PMO, veeltaligheid in onderrig
  • Studentegetalle bly staties op ongeveer 9000
  • Groei in swart studentegetalle na 36% in 1995
  • Eerste senior swart personeel (bv. Benito Khotseng)
  • Veel erger finansiële probleme, rasionalisasie in veral Lettere en Wysbegeerte, mismoedigheid onder personeel
  • Naam verander na UV/UFS

 

(b) 1996 - 2004

  • Coetzee era, eerste jare van Fourie
  • Demokrasie en transformasie, aanvanklike spanning tussen studente-groepe, groot studentetransformasie-deurbrake (prof Coetzee)
  • Modernisering van bestuur en inspraak
  • Konsolidering van fakulteite (Geesteswet; Nat- en Landbou)
  • Finansiële krisis en verdere rasionalisasie,
    gevolg deur
  • Draaistrategie word geloods begin 2000 (groot finansiële verligting)
  • Innoverende nuwe onderrigprogramme, e-leer
  • Professionele bemarking en strategiese kommunikasie
  • Dramatiese groei in studentegetalle: van 10 000 in 2000 na meer as 23 000 in 2003/4
  • Herinvestering in kampusfasiliteite en toerusting
  • Herinvestering in personeel; beduidende verhoging in vergoedings­vlakke bokant inflasie
  • Internasionalisering en akademiese rypwording (navorsing)
  • Herstrukturering: inkorporering van Qwaqwa kampus en Vista Bfn.

 

2.      Key themes in 100 years of academic growth towards being a fully-fledged University

2.1       Relasie met samelewing en sosiaal-politieke omgewing: onvermydelik

Oorsigtelik: ‘n sigbare direkte relasie met groot politieke wendings:

  • Grey-Kollege gestig net na Republiek van die Vrystaat (1954)
  • GUK gestig net na ABO
  • Onafhanklikheid vir UOVS net na 1948 (Nasionale Party oorwinning)
  • Oop en multikultureel veral na 1994

UV se ontstaan vind plaas in die tydperk net-net na die verwoesting van die ABO, ‘n tydperk van die skepping van ‘n nuwe na-oorlogse samelewing, Engelse en Afrikaners en Basotho saam in die Vrystaat (te midde van groeiende tekens van ontluikende Afrikaner nasionalisme). Dit kon nie anders as om ingewikkeld te wees nie, byvoorbeeld:

Die Rebellie en WO I: skep verdeeldheid op die kampus

  • Afrikaners, steun Rebellie
  • Engelse, steun Regering
  • Neutrale groep

(…maar geen werklike konflik op die kampus self nie.)

Dit sou verder neerslag vind in die tydperk voor en tydens WO II: Nasionaal-Sosialistiese invloede, verdeelhede tussen personeel en studente gegiet in die stryd van Nat vs Sap, Smuts vs Hertzog (beïnvloed ook rektorskap, prof IS Fourie slegs waarnemende rektor, word daarna nie rektor, geen rektor tydens die oorlog).

Na 1950 en veral in 1960s relatief stil, min politieke spanning tussen groepe (baie homogene kampus).

1980s: Tekens van matige spanning op die kampus, bv. tussen konserwatiewe, liberale en ‘linkse’ personeel (asook in studente­geledere) – maar nooit erg of ontwrigtend nie.

1990s: Growing political tension, tension in Council between Rector and conserva­tive Afrikaner members; racial tensions, especially in residences, exam disruption in June 1996, etc., BUT these were largely handled by the success of the trans­forma­tion negotiations of 1996-7, and the new jointly-designed residence placement policy. (Stability and harmony after that, no serious tensions on campus at present.)

DUS: Gereeld tydperke van onsekerheid en ontwrigting in 100 jaar, spanning tussen groepe personeel en/of studente, maar instelling het telkens ongeskonde deur dit gekom.

Dit sê iets van die krag van ‘n hoër onderwysinstelling en universiteit om voort te gaan te midde van politieke verskille tussen studente en tussen personeel.

  • Sê dit ook iets van die mense van die Vrystaat,van  ‘n gees van versoening en verdraagsaamheid? (Kyk hieronder.)

Nogtans bly ‘n openbare, staatsbefondsde universiteit altyd afhanklik van en kwes­baar vir politieke strominge en veranderende owerheidsbeleid. Sy ontwikkeling kan nooit los daarvan staan nie.

 

2.2       Finansiële onsekerheid en die strewe na volhoubaarheid

Die funderende belangrikheid van finansiële sekerheid is deurgaans ‘n sterk tema.

Finansies was ‘n ernstige inhiberende faktor in die uitbreiding van die GUK in die eerste paar dekades.

  • Een rede: in 1917 is wetgewing aanvaar waarvolgens die Staat nie langer totale verpligting vir finansies van GUK aanvaar het nie – die begin van ernstige finansiële probleme vir die jong universiteits­kollege.

Rektor Kestell doen daarna groot fondsinsameling en bemarking, behaal suksesvolle nuwe finansiële koers.

Eerste mylpale van kritiese massa en volhoubaarheid dus eers bereik na die sukses­volle finansiële draaistrategie van rektor Kestell.

Staatsubsidie in 1928 verlaag plus Stadsraadsbydrae verlaag oor persepsie van GUK se beweging na eentaligheid.

  • Early example of political “steering”?

Vanaf Depressie tot na WOII: armoede van studente en ekonomiese knelling beperk groei en ontwikkeling van die UV en sy personeel.

Na onafhanklikwording in 1950 was daar vir ‘n paar dekades nie ernstige finansiële probleme nie, en is veral kapitaalbesteding (geboue) stewig gefinansier deur die Regering. Die akademie kon relatief kommerloos bestaan en gedy.

  • Dit was deel van die goue fase van die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie, met ‘n hoë goudprys en ekonomiese groei, ens.

Die dalende subsidiebasis en finansiële swaarkry van die UV in die laat 1980s en veral die 1990s – toe finansiële benoudheid so erg was dat dit bykans al was waaraan mense gedink het – was nie goed vir die akade­miese hart van die UV nie. Te min beweegruimte, te min kreatiwiteit, te min kritiese denke – te min ‘suurstof’.

Die sukses van die Draaistrategie het dit alles begin omkeer, en nuwe ruimte geskep vir akademiese verdieping en akademiese investering.

Dit alles toon die noodsaaklikheid van ‘n sterk finansiële basis sodat ‘n universiteit waarlik as universiteit kan groei en funksioneer, en nie heeltyd noustrop trek en wurg nie.

  • Dit is ‘n noodsaaklike voorwaarde vir die bestaan van ‘n goeie universiteit.

For the record, let us note and celebrate the achieve­ments of the last 5 years with regard to financial sustainability:

  • The Turnaround Strategy now is history: all its goals were reached in half the time, and exceede thereafter.
  • R60 m reached within 18 months, R105 m by 2003, R115 m by 2004 (the target year for the original R60 m).
  • Cumulatively, R380 m extra funds have become available for investment in facilities, equipment, staff and strategic initiatives.
  • Staff remuneration and benefits were pushed up by an extra R50m+ in the past 3 years
  • The average renumeration level of staff was increased by 15,5% more than inflation in the last 3 years: 2004 remuneration levels are 37,6% higher than at the end of 2001, whilst the cost of living (CPI) is 22,1% higher. The goal set by Manage­ment in November 2001 to significantly redress backlogs that have developed in the 1990s, has been met.

 

2.3       Equity, diversity, compassion

For a very long time (since 1950s) the UFS was part of a social-political system which systematically excluded black and ‘coloured’ people from certain universities. Only many decades later – since 1978 – would this constraint on the ‘fullness’ of the University be lifted, with full access and ‘openness’ attained in the 1990s.

Die GUK was wel van die begin af inklusief t.o.v. geslag (gender).  

  • Dames in 1911 op SVR (dus nooit enige uitsluiting op grond van gender.)
  • Die UV was ook in die laat 1960’s van die eerste instellings om gelyke salarisse vir gelyke werk in te stel vir vrouens en mans.

Van die begin af die instelling besorg oor mense in armoede, wat met gelapte klere moes universiteit toe kom, sonder geld. Die Groot Depressie en die armblanke­vraagstuk het albei direkte impak gehad op die personeel en studente van die UKOVS.

  • In die 1990s is soortgelyke skemas ingestel om arm studente (meestal swart) te help om hul drome om aan ‘n universiteit te studeer, waar te maak.
  • Ook nou word groot moeite gedoen, onder meer by Qwaqwa en Vista, om te verhoed dat finansiële uitsluiting van talentvolle kinders plaasvind.

Van die begin af was die GUK/UKOVS/UV besorg om studente se beperkte taal­vaardighede in die akademiese taalmedium te verbeter:

  • Eerste dekades: taalvaardigheidskursusse vir Hollands en Afrikaans­sprekendes wat nie Engels magtig was nie, met lesings wat aanvank­lik slegs in Engels aangebied is.
  • Later die oorgang na dubbelmedium, met lesings in Afrikaans sowel as Engels, om die diversiteit van daardie dekades te hanteer.
  • Onlangse verlede: taalvaardigheidskursusse weer eens ingestel (en nog meer in die toekoms as deel van nuwe taalbeleid).

Die UV moes ook deurentyd die probleme van taaldiversiteit en -voorkeure hanteer. In die eerste dekades het Afrikaanssprekendes hul bv. as gemarginaliseer by hul “eie” inrigting ervaar; alles is in Engels aangebied.

  • 1918: Besluit om Afrikaans toe te laat by eksamens; DF Malherbe eerste professor in Afrikaans; helfte van vakke toe in Afrikaans aangebied (d.w.s. dubbel­medium)
  • Dertigerjare: Taalstryd (en politieke stryd te midde van politieke opkoms van NP), gevolg deur eentaligheid (Afrikaans).
  • 1990s: instelling van PMO en geleidelik volledige tweetaligheid in bestuur en administrasie (nuwe taalbeleid van 2003), sensitiewe hantering van taaldiversiteit, ook SeSotho op beperkte skaal.

[In this we must recognise the example of Grey-College, which for many years has shown how to make a parallel-medium teaching model work, in a spirit of mutual respect for different languages groups.]

Van die begin af ‘n besorgdheid vir studente met akademiese agter­stande, in die vorm van oorbruggingskursusse in o.m. wiskunde en wetenskap in die eerste dekades.

  • This would be repeated in the 1990s and at present, e.g. the successful Career Prep and extended programmes offered at the various campuses of the UFS.

Major changes occurred in the 1990s, and especially in the last six or seven years, in which the transformation of the student body (part of the success of PMO) and increasing financial and academic constraints of especially black students required and brought forth a high degree of sensitivity, compassion and flexibility in the handling of these challenges by management and staff.

  • Exemplary model of multiculturalism and diversity management

Key staff support projects such as the Grow your own Timber project (notably the Mellon Foundation PhD-project) have tremendously aided several aspiring young black academics in their careers. However, serious constraints remain, inter alia due to the difficulty of finding, attracting or retaining black academic staff. At this point the issues of staff transformation and Employment Equity still are important challenges.

All in all, the compassionate handling of poverty, language and cultural diversity, and adjustment problems of students was a key element of the development and success of this institution (despite the many decades of official exclusion on the basis of race).

2.4       Restructuring of Higher Education / Regional role

First elements can be said to be the UFS reaching out into Namibia and especially the Northern-Cape, special initiatives to serve the latter in early 1990s.

Restructuring itself is a relatively recent theme, post-1994, especially since latter part of 1990s. Incorporations, part of the National Plan for Higher Education, designed to address distortions and inequities in the HE system due to the policies of the apartheid era, as well as the HE needs of a developing society.

Qwaqwa and Vista Bloemfontein were incorporated in 2003 and 2004 respectively, providing the basis for a bolder and more extensive regional engagement role to be played by the UFS, without many of the complexities and political tensions present in the preceding decades with their (racially) fragmented and numerous HE institutions, which inhibited optimal regional co-operation and engagement.


 

2.5       Quality, excellence and scholarship

The last theme relates to the development of the academic core of the university.

Iets belangriks om raak te sien, is dat die eerste vakke wat ingestel is, die basiese wetenskappe was (in sowel geesteswetenskappe as natuur­wetenskappe).

  • Vir die eerste 40 jaar was dít die universiteit/kollege: die basiese wetenskappe in twee basiese fakulteite – die fondament en soliede kern van enige ware universiteit.
  • Daarin lê ‘n belangrike tema oor die integriteit en ruggraat van ‘n baie goeie universiteit.
  • In die 1990s (veral na die verslag van die Komitee vir Akademiese Strukturering in 1996) is die rol van basiese wetenskappe weer eksplieit beleidmatig verskans, onder meer in die finansieringsmodel vir fakulteite.

Maar dan was daar ook die ‘tweede sirkel’ van ‘n moderne universiteit: die vestiging van die beroepsgerigte fakulteite (rondom die kern van die basiese wetenskappe en fakulteite). Hierdie fakulteite, en ook hul nasionale profiel, het in ‘n groot mate bygedra tot die groei en ontwikkeling van die UV as volwaardige universiteit.

Die laaste paar jaar is daar ook die ontwikkeling van die nuwe beleid oor samelewingsdiensleer (en –navorsing), waardeur ‘n verdere verryking van onderrig nagestreef word – en eksplisiet op ‘n wyse wat die funda­mentele rol van die wetenskap en kritiese denke erken en dit juis akti­veer in diens van die samelewing: samelewingsdiens en -betrokkenheid (‘engagement’) immer as universiteit.

‘n Verdere sleutelelement in die ontwikkeling van die UV as universiteit was die duidelike navorsingsverdieping, veral sedert 1976 (die Mouton-era), aanvanklik veral in die natuurwetenskappe. Na ‘n verdere gelei­delike navorsings­groei in alle fakulteite, was daar veral weer ‘n nuwe groeifase vanaf die laaste jare van die 1990s, ondersteun deur her­investering in navorsings­bestuur, -­strategieë, -insentiewe asook -toerusting. Dit lei onder meer tot ‘n beduidende groei in navorsings­uitsette.

‘n Laaste en waarlik belangrike ontwikkeling was die UV se groeiende interna­sio­nalisering vanaf 1990 en veral na 1994:

  • Dit verteenwoordig ‘n ware bevryding na ‘n tydperk van akademiese boikotte, veral in die geestes- en sosiale wetenskappe, toe akademici nouliks in buite­landse tydskrifte kon publiseer of buitelandse konfe­ren­sies kon bywoon. (Dit was veel minder die geval in die natuur­weten­skappe.)
  • Dit word gesien in toenemende internasionale blootstelling en same­werking, uitruilskemas vir personeel sowel as studente, skakeling in navorsing sowel as onderrig, toenemende buitelandse projek­befondsing (bv. die Mellon-projek) en internasionale vennootskappe.

Let us here recognise an important academic benefit flowing from the new political dispensation. The changes of the last 10 years have enabled the UFS to overcome one important remaining constraint, especially compared to universities like Wits and UCT: being mostly limited to one group of students, one group of staff, one group’s thinking, one group’s set of perspectives, and being very local and provincial (literally and figuratively), even parochial.

The last 10 years with its growing diversity in staff (both with regard to race and gender) have signficantly broadened the intellectual basis and richness of our thinking, our management deliberations, our policies, our interpersonal relations, our institutional culture, our results.

  • Adding the experiences, legacy and insight from Qwaqa and Vista will only give further momentum to this enrichment and maturing process.

And, as noted, the last 10 years has also enabled a significant broadening of intellectual horizons, growing international contact, African initiatives, SADC initiatives – thereby moving the UFS from a relatively constrained (parochial, provincial) intellectual frame of reference to an open, globalised, international frame of reference. This was an absolutely essential occurrence for the UFS to become a mature university. (Not parochial or provincial / insular / inward-looking / any more.)

All these academic developments where underpinned by a significant improvement in and upgrading of facilities:

  • High quality facilities, especially in the last three years, with physical planning being explicitly guided by academic planning and priorities.
  • High quality equipment (IT, library, science labs, etc), especially significant re-investment in the last three years.

 

3.      Oorsig en opsomming

Uit Grey, uit Vrystaatse bodem en vanuit ‘n arm Vrystaatse gemeenskap, van eerste huiwerige treë, van ‘n minimum aantal fakulteite en geboue tot ‘n breër spektrum basiese en beroepsgerigte fakulteite en geboue, van ‘n primêre onderrigfokus tot ‘n groter navorsings­gerigtheid, tot laastens die era van transformasie, finansiële draai, investering in kampusfasiliteite, akademiese en navorsings­verdieping, en veral internasionalisering en uitwaartse beweging – so het die UV in 100 jaar ‘n sterk, volwasse universiteit geword.

Some interesting ways to describe this entire journey:
From post-AngloBoer War to post-apartheid
OR:
From nothing to quite something / Van niets tot iets
OR:
Van sink tot sandsteen tot graniet
OR:
From Grey to gold.

Midde in al hierdie verandering, is daar die goue draad van die univer­sitêre ideaal, die universitêre saad wat wortel geskied het, gegroei het en ‘n sterk plant geword het met oop, geurige blomme en ryp vrugte.

Dit bevestig die belangrike waarheid van ‘n goeie universiteit: te midde van verande­ringe en groei en ontwikkeling, veranderende behoeftes, deur veranderende sosiale en politieke tye en finansiële krisis, moet dit altyd getrou bly aan die idee van die universiteit, die idee van wetenskap en ‘scholarship’.

  • Kontinuïteit en Verandering  (Continuity and Change)

In very dramatic fashion this history of the UFS signals how much a university can and often must change, but also that it does so amidst its continuity of existence as a university – as part of the centuries old and worldwide university tradition of critical reflection and scholarship. At the same time it signals that this University, like others in South Africa, always has and especially now has a significant role to play in shaping our new nation – it must always be part of society, part of the community, an engaged university – critical and engaged.

  • These two elements are dramatically captured by the two objects displayed here on stage: the Academic Gown, and the Basotho Blanket.

Note the ever-present commitment to overcome problems and constraints, to achieve the dream for the Free State: the spirit of commitment and ‘vasbyt’, of ‘never let go’, the determination to overcome obstacles, of timely and pre-emptive adjustment to new challenges and new needs. Let’s not lose that.

 

4.      2004: Waar staan ons nou? Waarheen nou?

As I noted above, the procession of this morning symbolises the journey from the past to the present, from humble beginnings to a strong, fully-fledged university, one of the top universities in South Africa - “from Grey to gold”.

But what are the steps we need to take to make us ready for the future?

Ek het al dikwels gesê: ons grootste taak en diens aan die samelewing, is om seker te maak dat die Vrystaat oor 10, 25 en 50 jaar ‘n baie goeie universiteit hier sal hê.

Ek wil tog hierdie tema effens verder neem. As ‘n mens so kyk na al die stampe en stote wat hierdie instelling moes verduur die afgelope 100 jaar, tesame met die geweldige uitdagings van Suid-Afrika as ‘n ontwikkelende land in Afrika, tesame met die groeiende mededinging van ander universiteite (binnelands sowel as buitelands), internasionale tendens in hoër onderwys en in onderwystegnologie, en die immer teenwoordige finansiële beperkings van die Staat, dan wil ek vra:

WAT MAAK ‘N GOEIE UNIVERSITEIT OOK ‘N DUURSAME UNIVERSITEIT?

HOE MAAK ONS SEKER DAT DIE UV OOR 25 EN 50 JAAR NOG ‘N STERK EN GOEIE UNIVERSITEIT IS EN BLY?

Die finansiële wroeging van die 1990s en die suksesvolle draaistrategie het een groot nadeel gehad: ons mag dalk dink dat finansiële volhou­baar­heid, wat ons nou vir eers bereik het, voldoende is om sterk te staan.

Steeds moet ons vra: Het ons nou die droom bereik van ‘n volwaardige, selfstandige universiteit?

    • Is ons waarlik volledig volhoubaar?
    • Is ons waarlik ‘n volwasse universiteit (veral in die konteks van die ouderdom, geskiedenis, diepte en profiel van leier-universiteite internasionaal)?
    • Wat is ons taak nou, teen die agtergrond van 100 jaar van bou en groei?
    • To borrow from the title of a recent management book: How do we get “from good to great…”?

The idea of a robust university

I want to put forward the idea of a robust university to guide our thinking and planning in this phase of our history. Although the term is sometimes understood, especially in a sport context, to indicate a tendency for rough play or bullying, I want to use it in its original sense, meaning: strong and vibrant, vigorous, able to withstand shocks and turbulant times, able to withstand competition and tough times (whether of an academic, financial, social or political nature).

If we want the UFS to continue to be a very good university, and to continue to grow and become a great university, we must work hard to ensure that it is a robust university in all respects.

A first dimension relates to quality and excellence in both academic and support service divisions. Therefore, the UFS must firstly be academically robust: high quality staff, solid intellectual and disciplinary depth, research integrity and research depth, low vulnerability in case of staff resignations.

  • Quality and excellence: never-ending quest for quality: like a mountain, ever higher, ever higher.
  • Innovation is the key to the quest for quality: innovation in teaching, innovation in research, always pushing the frontiers of knowledge, alwlays doing new things.
  • An unwaring commitment to independent thought and critical reflection, a true ingrained habit of intellectual independence, is the hallmark of an excellent university (and academic freedom).
  • Our task then is to promote and teach critical inquiry and under­standing and research.  Not the soft understanding that glides over questions of right and wrong, but the hard-won comprehension that comes from deep and critical inquiry and a relentless pursuit of a better understanding and a deeper grasp of issues.
  • A key element in this is the development of a strong cohort of excellent black intellectuals and academics, black staff who see a university career as their calling. Attaining this is a key challenge of our employment equity policy and plan.
  • We must be the employer of preference for the best black academics. We must be the employer of preference for the best white academics.

It must also be managerially and administratively robust: high quality support and manage­ment staff and processes, systems integrity, ingrained professionalism and service culture, low vulnerability in case of staff resignations.

  • We must be the employer of preference for the best black administrators and managers. We must be the employer of preference for the best white administrators and managers.

Secondly, it must be financially robust: sound financial management, sufficient reserves to absorb shocks, sound investment in the core business, sound remuneration and staff practices.

  • As noted above, this year signals the end of the Turnaround Strategy (also given the new funding framework of government).
  • New challenges: to optimise our functioning amidst a new and complicated funding framework which tries to contain government funding of higher education and frowns upon growth and initiatives such as distance learning and e-learning.
  • Luckily we now also have a much more modern, efficient, strategically-targeted and stream-lined budgeting and financial management system.

Thirdly, the UFS must be robust in its management of diversity and equity: solid and sound relations between diverse groups, strong commitments to live in mutual respect, strong common values to underpin an equitable, diverse workplace and student community, a firm campus consensus on what kind of university society we want to be.

  • The current project on institutional culture, or also called the UFS ‘social contract’ project, is a key element in attaining this firm consensus and social robustness.
  • This also is a task for the students: you are the generation that will shape the emerging new South African society. Use the opportunities offered by this campus to engage without your fellow student from a different economic, cultural or language background. Shape the values of your own future society. Talk about it. Analyse it, through the night if necessary, as only students can.
  • We must all remember: the quest for justice is never-ending, a real journey to find and treasure those values that we all should live by.

In doing that, let us not forget the advantage, and privilege, of doing this in the Free State, whose people have shown a persistent disposition towards reconciliation and moderation. This tradition is priceless, and was created inter alia by great leaders of the past centuries:

  • King Moshoeshoe, who was the original nation-builder and who (in the 19th century) first shaped an undivided and cohesive society amongst the Basotho in the central parts of South Africa.
  • President MT Steyn, who was the great reconciliator and facilitator of a hundred years ago, also fighting for language and cultural equality.

Also recognise, most recently, the reconciliatory role of post-1994 premiers Lekota and Direko.

Fourthly, the UFS must be robust in its regional role and regional engagement, playing a strong leadership role to meet the needs of a poor and developing society, vigor­ously playing its role as an engaged university, a university serving society, but also doing that in a way which builds a solid understanding within that society of the intrinsic nature and role of the university as well as the proper role that a university can play in a developing society.

  • In this, the Qwaqwa and Vista campuses, together with other initiatives, present enormous possibilities, especially in partnership with other insitutions like Technikon FS, the Provincial Government, the Mangaung Municipality, and other local governments.

Lastly, the UFS must be robust in its national and international role, based on a well-informed international frame of reference, having a vibrant and energetic outward thrust, strongly projecting its expertise in niche areas into the scientific, industrial and policy arenas.

  • Leadership in science and scholarship
  • Leadership in community service learning and research
  • Leadership in academic innovation
  • Leadership in financial management and management innovation
  • Leadership in transformation, in nation-building and diversity management (such as with the ‘social contract’ or ‘value contract’ process)
  • Above all: We must never (again) be parochial or provincial (insular / inward-looking), since that attitude spells the intellectual death of any university.

 


Another way to understand robustness, is to say that it requires that the University be sustainable not just financially, but also academically and administratively, in its management of diversity and equity, in its regional engagement, and in its national and international leadership role.
  • Robustness – and greatness – requires sustainability in all respects.


 

Hierdie vyf aspekte , wat presies ooreenstem met die strategiese prioriteite wat die Uitvoerende Bestuur onlangs geïdentifiseer het vir 2004-2006,  is dus waarlik die bou­stene van ‘n ware, volwasse, sterk, robuuste, uitwaarts-gerigte leier-universiteit in SA en Afrika.

TO reiterate this point: the five strategic priorities of the UFS for this and the next years, i.e.

  • quality and excellence;
  • equity, diversity and redress;
  • financial sustainability;
  • regional co-operation and engagement, and
  • an outward thrust, nationally and internationally

are the building blocks of being and remaining a true, mature, strong, robust, outward-oriented leader-university in South Africa and Africa.

We owe it to the Free State and its people to be such a robust, leading university. This is what the UFS wants to be and must be.

Dit is ons taak en ons plig om elke dag hard te werk om so ‘n universiteit te wees.

That is how we will get “from good to great”.

Let’s do it. Together.

 

Fakkel-seremonie / Torch ceremony

Om hierdie amptelike opening af te sluit, vra ek nou die drie viserektore om die drie fakkes – die Eeufeesfakkels – aan te steek.

Met hierdie fakkels, hierdie vlamme, verbind ons ons opnuut tot drie groot beginsels van hierdie Universiteit, beginsels wat ons gedra het deur ons geskiedenis, en beginsels wat ons immer moet koester in ons gesamentlike toekoms.

With these torches, these flames, let us commit ourselves anew to three major principles of the University, principles that have carried us throughout our history, principles that we must always cherish in our joint future:

The FLAME of quality, excellence, scholarship and critical inquiry:
(Die vlam van gehalte, uitenemendheid, kritiese denke)

The FLAME of justice, equity, tolerance, compassion, and engagement
(Die vlam van geregtigheid, billikheid, verdraagsaamheid, deernis en betrokkenheid)

And lastly:

The FLAME of Faith, as encapsulated in the university motto:
(Die vlam van geloof)
In Deo Sapientiae Lux
In God is the Light of all Wisdom
In God is die Lig van alle Wysheid

Now please stand for the singing of the University Anthem and thereafter the National Anthem.

Staan asseblief vir die sing van die Universiteitslied en daarna die Volkslied.

 

*     *     *

Economic and Management Sciences

Education

Health Sciences

The Humanities

Law

Natural and Agricultural Sciences

Theology and Religion

Open Distance Learning

Business School

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