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08 September 2020 | Story Leonie Bolleurs | Photo Falko Buschke
Dr Falko Buschke says the iconic sandstone cliffs of the eastern Free State are key to protecting wild plants and animals from climate change.

The iconic sandstone cliffs of the eastern Free State are often the focus of paintings and postcards. Now, new research shows they also protect wild plants and animals from climate change. This finding is the outcome of a collaborative research effort by the University of the Free State (UFS); BirdLife South Africa; the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and KU Leuven, Belgium, which has recently been published in the journal Biological Conservation.

Mountains key for climate change mitigation

The study, led by Dr Falko Buschke from the Centre for Environmental Management UFS, used satellite data from NASA to track the ecological effects of wet and dry seasons, including the record drought of 2015/16. This showed how vegetation on the cool and moist mountain slopes was less affected by dry spells.

The complex physical terrain allows moisture to accumulate in the shaded parts of the south-facing slopes and ravines. This creates cool and moist habitats for plants and animals that wouldn’t survive in the rest of the hotter and drier landscape.

The team also discovered that these positive effects of mountains do not end at the foot of the mountain, but extend at least 500m into the flatter lowlands. “Presumably because water and nutrients accumulate in these surrounding buffers due to run-off,” says Dr Buschke.

Butterflies find safety on mountains

In addition to their high-tech analysis of the area, the team also relied on old-fashioned fieldwork to monitor butterflies over two years. “The data showed us how these insects find safety on mountains during harsh climate conditions and can then recolonise the rest of the landscape after conditions improve,” explains Dr Buschke. “This gives us clues on the best way to protect nature,” he adds. 

This study took place in the Rooiberge-Riemland Key Biodiversity Area (KBA), an area significant for maintaining global biodiversity. Several species of insects, reptiles, birds and mammals here occur nowhere else on earth. “If they disappear here, they will go extinct from the whole planet forever,” says Dr Falko Buschke. 

Despite its ecological significance, most of the area is covered by commercial farmland. So, the next stage of the project is exploring ways of protecting these important habitats while ensuring that farmers can continue producing food and supporting rural livelihoods. 

Farmers hold the key to preserving biodiversity,” says Dr Buschke, “so conservation scientists need to work closely with them to ensure that we protect species for future generations.” 

News Archive

Academic receives highest award for contribution to plant pathology
2009-03-20

 
Prof Zakkie Pretorius (middle), Chairperson of the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of the Free State (UFS), recently received the CH Persoon gold medal for his contribution to the academic field of Plant Pathology in South Africa at the conference of the Southern African Society for Plant Pathology (SASPP) that was held at Gordons Bay. The medal – the Society’s highest award, was only been awarded for the fifth time. Here is Prof Pretorius together with two of the previous recipients of the medal, Prof Mike Wingfield (left), Head of the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI) at the University of Pretoria and Prof Pedro Crous, Head of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (Fungal Biodiversity Centre) in Utrecht, The Netherlands. Prof Wingfield was previously on the staff of the UFS, whilst Prof Crous also obtained his Ph.D. at this university. Prof Neal McLaren, also from the Department of Plant Sciences, received an award for Plant Pathology on the same occasion.
Photo: Supplied

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