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08 December 2021 | Story Leonie Bolleurs | Photo Supplied
UFS loveLife Computer Graduations
The group of 90 members of the Botshabelo community who successfully completed the 12-week ICT Services short-learning course through a collaboration between the UFS Directorate Community Engagement, the Department of Computer Science and Informatics, and the youth leadership organisation, loveLife.

With the COVID-19 pandemic, many people will look back at 2020 and 2021 with emotions of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness. But for a group of close to 200 community members in Botshabelo, the past two years have not only signified one of their biggest achievements in life; for them, the day that they graduated is also holding the promise of a new beginning.

Both this year’s group and the group of 100 community members who enrolled for the two ICT short learning courses in 2020, successfully completed the programme.

“After 12 weeks of training, the community members were very happy to receive their certificates,” says Alfi Moolman of the Directorate Community Engagement at the University of the Free State (UFS).

According to Moolman, this Information Technology service-learning project is a wonderful example of how the UFS responds to the needs of the community and addresses the digital divide through its Service-Learning programme.

Aiming for 100% digital literacy

Rouxan Fouché, Lecturer in the Department of Computer Science and Informatics who is also doing his PhD in Computer Information Systems, is focusing on the digital divide in his research study, titled: An exploration of service-learning strategies to address the South African digital divide: A Critical Utopian Action Research Approach. He quotes Molawa, who defines the digital divide as the separation of those who have access to digital information and communications technology and those who do not. “Molawa has confirmed that some of the challenges to information and communication technology (ICT) access in Africa have been caused by poverty due to high levels of unemployment, illiteracy, and skills shortage.”

In his study, Fouché states that South Africa is aiming for 100% digital literacy and skills to leverage the power of modern ICT for economic appropriation and to address inequity.

In his investigation, Fouché found that increasing the level of digital skills is the responsibility of many different stakeholders, from governments to universities. “Universities may play a vital role in helping to bridge the digital divide by providing free or affordable access to digital skills training and qualifications focused on groups from marginalised areas.”

He is currently concluding the last phase of his PhD study, which included the implementation of the service-learning action plan with the Botshabelo community – engaging them to strengthen the response to digital literacy.

Equipped with 21st century computer literacy skills

Moolman says they had to think of innovative ways to ensure that students continue to achieve their learning outcomes during lockdown. “A blended learning approach was decided on, where we introduced videos of the sessions that would have been facilitated face to face in the past.”

“As a collective change facilitator in the process, I connected Fouché and loveLife, a youth leadership organisation that has a Cyber Y lab at their youth centre in Botshabelo.”

“The match was a win. loveLife was equipping their target audience with 21st century computer literacy skills, Fouché could continue with his PhD, and his students have achieved their learning outcomes.”

Felix Morobe, the provincial manager of loveLife, believes the skills development opportunities provided by the UFS through their service-learning programmes are benefiting and growing young people in the community.

He says this programme has meant a great deal to the community, as it adds to their CVs. “Moreover, it also carries the logo of one of the best and most well-recognised universities. This course was a big motivation for the members of the community who attended; saying to them, ‘yes you can do it, despite the challenges that the country is facing in terms of youth unemployment’.”

Feedback from some of the attendees of the course, include, “I wish this course could continue and benefit others”; "I am one step ahead of those who did not attend the course"; and "I am going to apply for work now that I have this additional certificate".

“This is a brilliant example of engaged scholarship,” concludes Moolman.

News Archive

Researcher finds ways to serve justice efficiently
2016-01-07

Description: Prof Monwabisi Ralarala  Tags: Prof Monwabisi Ralarala

Prof Monwabisi Ralarala tackled the serving of justice from a linguistic viewpoint.
Photo: Supplied

In 2012, local and international media was saturated with reports of the Eugène Terre’Blanche murder trial. At the judgment, Judge John Horn read a lengthy extensive document, of which three pages were dedicated to voicing his concern about how police officers distort statements in the process of translation. Considering the fact that statements are the entry points to the criminal justice system, Prof Monwabisi Ralarala’s attention was drawn to the negative impact such distortion had insofar as the administration of justice was concerned. Of the three PhD degrees conferred by the University of the Free State (UFS) Faculty of Humanities at the 2015 Summer Graduation, one was in Language Practice with Prof Ralarala’s name on it.

Prof Ralarala’s research interests in language rights, forensic linguistics, and translation studies led him to use the Terre’Blanche trial as the basis for his second PhD case study titled: Implications and explications of police translation of complainants' sworn statements: evidence lost in translation. The doctoral dissertation focused on police stations in the Xhosa-speaking community of Khayelitsha in Cape Town.

Language and the law

When the victim of a crime approaches the South African Police Services (SAPS), the requirements are that a sworn statement be taken. However, as a prerequisite, the narration needs to be translated into English.  “The process unfolds in this manner: the complainant or the person laying the charges speaks in a language that they understand, and then the police officers translate that information into English because English is still the de facto language of record,” explained Prof Ralarala.

In the process of translation, the original narrative is lost, and so is some of the evidence. “They [the statements] have to be packaged in a certain way, in the form of a summary. As a police officer, you have to discard all the original narrative and create another narrative which is in English,” added the Associate Professor and Institutional Language Coordinator at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology.

Evidence is the basis of any court case and, when it is translated by police officers who do not hold the credentials of professional translators, a problem inevitably arises.

Because police officers are not trained in translation, “Some of the statements are filled with distortions, changing of information all together. In some cases, one would come across a case which was initially an assault but then - through the change and transformation, re-narration, retelling of the story by someone else - it becomes a case of attempted murder.”

Considering that a statement determines a suspect’s fate, it becomes all the more important to ensure that accuracy is upheld.

His internal and external supervisors, Prof Kobus Marais and Prof Russel Kaschula from the UFS and Rhodes University respectively stated that his PhD work has been hailed as a gem by international scholars. “According to one international assessor, he has made an exceptional contribution to the humanities and social sciences in general and to the fields of linguistics and translation studies in particular.”

Reshaping the landscape

According to Prof Ralarala, there are huge gaps in the translated versions of statements which create a problem when a ruling is made. Some of the recommendations put forward in his dissertation to bridge that gap are:

• to review the language policy insofar as the criminal justice system is concerned. The languages we speak are official and constitutionally embraced, and they hold the same status as English, hence they need to be used in criminal justice processes;
• to revisit the constitution and review if the provisions made for the Nguni languages are implemented;
• to supplement paper and pen with technology such as tape recorders. Statements can be revisited in cases where a controversy arises;
• to deploy professional translators and interpreters at police stations;
• to design a manual for police officers which contains all the techniques on how a statement should be taken.
• to enforce constitutional  provisions in order to reinforce the language implementation plan in as far as African languages are concerned .

These recommendations serve to undo or eliminate any perceived injustices perpetuated and institutionalised by current linguistic and formal practices in South Africa's criminal justice system.

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