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Juxtaposing human rights and human trafficking in South Africa

15 March 2021 | Story Prof Beatri Kruger | Photo Anja Aucamp

Prof Kruger web read more — Prof Beatri Kruger is a research fellow in the Free State Centre for Human Right at the UFS.

John Miller from the United States Office to Monitor Trafficking in Persons calls human trafficking: "The greatest human rights challenge of our generation."

But is this really the current position in South Africa? Let us do a reality check. New evidence-based insights were gained from convictions in several adult, as well as 25 child trafficking cases.

In 2011, Roelofs penned a picture of (sex) trafficking:

"It is a product of an increasing sex obsessed world with billions of dollars being earned from pornographic magazines, television channels and prostitution all because of slumping morality. It is obviously a very lucrative business. Whereas drugs and other narcotic substances can be used only once; a girl used as a sex slave can be sold over and over. This is the tragedy of this cruel exploitation of the vulnerable in our societies."

Exploitation of the vulnerable for financial gain

In 2019, in S v Ediozi Obi (case no CC40/2018), judge Natvarlal Ranchod referred to the above quote and concluded: “This is tragically illustrated in this matter before me …” In this case, several victims were vulnerable young children. They were trafficked, groomed, and repeatedly raped. “They were prostituted for accused 1's financial benefit. It is a sad indictment of certain members of the police force who were expected to bring perpetrators to book but instead, exploited the situation to their own advantage by taking bribes and themselves taking advantage of the young victims. This is some of the evidence that came out in this trial.”

In 2017 in S v Adina Dos Santos, the trafficker was sentenced to life imprisonment, which was confirmed on appeal. The evidence was that the trafficker promised minor Mozambican girls work in her hair salon in South Africa and an opportunity to study while working there. The girls, who were looking for a better life, were eventually threatened and forced to use narcotic drugs and then have sexual intercourse with several men daily. Recently, two female traffickers were sentenced to 19 life sentences in S v Seleso for sexually exploiting a minor girl online by advertising her sexual services to clients on a website.

A multitude of human rights are being violated in human trafficking scenarios. It ranges from violating the right to dignity, privacy, and life, to the right to be free from all forms of violence and not to be treated in a cruel, inhuman, or degrading way. – Prof Beatri Kruger

The trafficking convictions further confirmed that, apart from sex trafficking, victims are also trafficked for other purposes in South Africa. Children as young as eight were trafficked from Mozambique and Nigeria to be exploited for labour purposes. The cases further confirmed that traffickers use an aberrant form of the ukuthwala custom as a guise to traffic minor girls into forced marriages. Furthermore, children were kidnapped and sold. A young mother even advertised her baby on Gumtree for R5 000.

Multitude of human rights are violated in human trafficking

This is a snapshot from our case law. Despite the culture of human rights enshrined in our constitution, it is clear that a multitude of human rights are being violated in human trafficking scenarios. It ranges from violating the right to dignity, privacy, and life, to the right to be free from all forms of violence and not to be treated in a cruel, inhuman, or degrading way. Judge Ranchod rightly declared in S v Obi that human trafficking violates basic human rights and is the cause of immeasurable trauma for victims, their families, and the communities in which they live. Protecting trafficked persons and their human rights is crucial – we have a great task ahead.

News Archive

UFS hosts the first Southern African Young Scientists Summer Programme

2012-11-26

The University of the Free State is to host the first Southern African Young Scientists Summer Programme (SA-YSSP) from 1 December 2012 to 28 February 2013.

This will form part of an annual three-month education, academic training and research capacity-building programme jointly organised by the National Research Foundation (NRF), the Department of Science and Technology (DST), and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), based in Austria.

The NRF, as the National Member Organisation (NMO), in collaboration with DST, has developed a novel and innovative initiative with IIASA to establish the SA-YSSP. This programme was officially launched by the Minister of Science and Technology during November 2011.

IIASA is an international research organisation that conducts policy-oriented scientific research in the three global problem areas of energy and climate change, food and water and poverty and equity (www.iiasa.ac.at). South Africa’s engagements with IIASA, and specifically with regard to the SA-YSSP, relate primarily to the DST’s Ten-Year Innovation Plan.

Aligned with the YSSP model that is presented by IIASA in Austria annually, the SA-YSSP offers scientific seminars covering themes in both the social and natural sciences. These seminars often have policy dimensions and aim to broaden the participants’ perspectives and strengthen their analytical and modelling skills, further enriching a demanding academic and research programme (www.ufs.ac.za/sa-yssp).

Keynote lectures are to be delivered by national and international leaders in their respective research fields, partly drawn from IIASA’s widespread network of alumni and collaborators, as well as from the NRF’s extensive international networks of excellence.

The programme is to be enhanced with specific field trips and cultural and heritage excursions that will involve networking with locally based research programmes. Supervisory teams of both IIASA and South African experts will guide a cohort of competitively selected South African and international advanced Ph.D candidates.

The programme will be opened on 2 December 2012 at the Centenary Complex by the Minister of Science and Technology, Mr Derek Hanekom, the Director/CEO of IIASA, Prof Pavel Kabat and the Vice-Chancellor and Rector of the UFS, Prof Jonathan Jansen. They will be joined by a number of Nobel Prize Laureates and luminaries representing the government, the diplomatic sector and Higher Education.

The programme is directed by a multidisciplinary team at the UFS that includes:

Prof Aldo Stroebel and Prof Neil Roos (Co-Directors)

Prof André Roodt (Dean of SA-YSSP)

Prof Martin Ntwaeaborwa and Dr Henriëtte van den Berg (Deputy-Deans of SA-YSSP)

Dr Priscilla Mensah and Dr Sonja Loots (Strategic Managers)

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