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Juxtaposing human rights and human trafficking in South Africa

15 March 2021 | Story Prof Beatri Kruger | Photo Anja Aucamp

Prof Kruger web read more — Prof Beatri Kruger is a research fellow in the Free State Centre for Human Right at the UFS.

John Miller from the United States Office to Monitor Trafficking in Persons calls human trafficking: "The greatest human rights challenge of our generation."

But is this really the current position in South Africa? Let us do a reality check. New evidence-based insights were gained from convictions in several adult, as well as 25 child trafficking cases.

In 2011, Roelofs penned a picture of (sex) trafficking:

"It is a product of an increasing sex obsessed world with billions of dollars being earned from pornographic magazines, television channels and prostitution all because of slumping morality. It is obviously a very lucrative business. Whereas drugs and other narcotic substances can be used only once; a girl used as a sex slave can be sold over and over. This is the tragedy of this cruel exploitation of the vulnerable in our societies."

Exploitation of the vulnerable for financial gain

In 2019, in S v Ediozi Obi (case no CC40/2018), judge Natvarlal Ranchod referred to the above quote and concluded: “This is tragically illustrated in this matter before me …” In this case, several victims were vulnerable young children. They were trafficked, groomed, and repeatedly raped. “They were prostituted for accused 1's financial benefit. It is a sad indictment of certain members of the police force who were expected to bring perpetrators to book but instead, exploited the situation to their own advantage by taking bribes and themselves taking advantage of the young victims. This is some of the evidence that came out in this trial.”

In 2017 in S v Adina Dos Santos, the trafficker was sentenced to life imprisonment, which was confirmed on appeal. The evidence was that the trafficker promised minor Mozambican girls work in her hair salon in South Africa and an opportunity to study while working there. The girls, who were looking for a better life, were eventually threatened and forced to use narcotic drugs and then have sexual intercourse with several men daily. Recently, two female traffickers were sentenced to 19 life sentences in S v Seleso for sexually exploiting a minor girl online by advertising her sexual services to clients on a website.

A multitude of human rights are being violated in human trafficking scenarios. It ranges from violating the right to dignity, privacy, and life, to the right to be free from all forms of violence and not to be treated in a cruel, inhuman, or degrading way. – Prof Beatri Kruger

The trafficking convictions further confirmed that, apart from sex trafficking, victims are also trafficked for other purposes in South Africa. Children as young as eight were trafficked from Mozambique and Nigeria to be exploited for labour purposes. The cases further confirmed that traffickers use an aberrant form of the ukuthwala custom as a guise to traffic minor girls into forced marriages. Furthermore, children were kidnapped and sold. A young mother even advertised her baby on Gumtree for R5 000.

Multitude of human rights are violated in human trafficking

This is a snapshot from our case law. Despite the culture of human rights enshrined in our constitution, it is clear that a multitude of human rights are being violated in human trafficking scenarios. It ranges from violating the right to dignity, privacy, and life, to the right to be free from all forms of violence and not to be treated in a cruel, inhuman, or degrading way. Judge Ranchod rightly declared in S v Obi that human trafficking violates basic human rights and is the cause of immeasurable trauma for victims, their families, and the communities in which they live. Protecting trafficked persons and their human rights is crucial – we have a great task ahead.

News Archive

Help to rural women to become entrepreneurs

2006-10-24

Some of the guests who attended the ceremony were, from the left: Mr Donray Malabie (Head of the Alexander Forbes Community Trust), Ms Jemina Mokgosi (one of the ladies from Tabane Village who is participating in the Women in Agriculture project), Dr Limakatso Moorosi (Head: Veterinary Services, Free State Department of Agriculture), Prof Johan Greyling (Head: UFS Department of Animal and Wildlife and Grassland Sciences) and Ms Khoboso Lehloenya (coordinator of the project from UFS Department of Animal and Wildlife and Grassland Sciences). Photo: Leonie Bolleurs\

Alexander Forbes and UFS help rural women to become entrepreneurs

Today, the Alexander Forbes Community Trust and the University of the Free State (UFS) joined forces to create an enabling environment for rural women to become players in the private sector.

Three years ago the UFS set up a unique small-scale household egg production project called Women in Agriculture in Thaba ‘Nchu as a pilot project. The project was officially launched today by Mr Donray Malabie, Head of the Alexander Forbes Community Trust.

The aim of the Women in Agriculture Project is to create jobs, provide food security and to help develop rural women into entrepreneurs. A total of 25 women based in Tabane Village in Thaba ‘Nchu are the beneficiaries of the project.

“This is the first project in the Free State the Alexander Forbes Community Trust is involved with. The project would help rural women acquire the skills they need to run their own egg-production business from their homes,” said Mr Malabie.

“The ongoing debate on the shortage of skills ignores the fact that people with little or no education at all also need training. This project is special to the Trust as it provides for the creation of sustainable jobs, food security and the transfer of much needed skills all at once, particularly at this level,” he said.

Every woman in the group started with two small mobile cages that housed 12 hens each. The units are low in cost, and made of commercially available welded mesh and a metal frame. Now, each woman has four cages with 48 hens. The group manages to collectively produce 750 eggs daily.

The eggs are currently sold to local businesses, including spaza shops and the women are using the income generated to look after their families and to further develop their business.

The Department of Animal and Wildlife and Grassland Sciences at the UFS identified the project and did the initial research into the feasibility of setting up such a project.

“A demonstration and training unit has been established at the Lengau Agricultural Development Centre and the women attended a short practical training course. Subsidies are provided for feeding, together with all the material and the lay hens necessary for the start of the business,” said Ms Khoboso Lehloenya, coordinator of the project from the Department of Animal and Wildlife and Grassland Sciences at the UFS.

“The advantage in using lay hens is that they are resistant to diseases and the women will not need electric heating systems for the egg production,” said Ms Lehloenya.

According to Ms Lehloenya, the women are already benefiting from their egg production businesses. “Some of them have used the profit to buy school uniforms and tracksuits for their children and others are now able to make a monthly contribution to their household expenses,” said Ms Lehloenya.
“In South Africa, possibly due to cultural reasons and circumstances, most black people prefer to eat older and tougher chickens, compared to younger soft commercially available broiler chickens. This preference creates a further advantage for the women. At the end of their production cycle, old hens can be sold for a higher price than point-of-lay or young hens. This brings in further money to pay for more hens,” said Ms Lehloenya.

The Alexander Forbes Trust contributed R191 000 towards the project aimed at expanding it to benefit 15 more women.

“We are in the process of recruiting an additional 15 women in Thaba ‘Nchu who will be trained by the Lengau Agricultural Development Centre in order to replicate the model and extend its reach”, said Ms Lehloenya.

Media release
Issued by: Lacea Loader
Media Representative
Tel: (051) 401-2584
Cell: 083 645 2454
E-mail: loaderl@mail.uovs.ac.za
20 October 2006

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