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19 May 2022 | Story Nonkululeko Nxumalo
Open Access 3


Should the UFS continue to subscribe to academic journals that are behind a paywall?

On 12 May 2022, the University of the Free State (UFS) held an online seminar on Open Science, posing this question.

The seminar was facilitated by Prof Corli Witthuhn, Vice-Rector: Research and Internationalisation, who was joined by the following experts: Colleen Campbell from the Max Planck Digital Library (MPDL) in Munich, Germany, where she coordinates the Open Access 2020 Initiative; Ellen Tise, Senior Director of Library and Information Services at Stellenbosch University (SU); Glen Truran, Director of the South African National Library and Information Consortium (SANLiC); and Charlie Molepo, Deputy Director at the UFS Library Service. The discussion centred around the issues of accessing and publishing academic content behind a paywall, and what open access initiatives are doing to transition scholarly work to an open access (OA) paradigm.

“Publishing academic content behind a paywall not only limits access to scholarly work, but also prevents research output from being visible and making maximum impact,” the university stated.

Paywalls vs Open Access

A paywall is a figurative wall used to limit access to certain prestigious academic content. Overcoming this wall usually means a one-time purchase option where the reader buys the content from the publisher, or it could be subscription-based where you pay a subscription fee for a fixed period. OA, on the other hand, seeks to make any scholarly work freely available to anyone interested in accessing it, including those who cannot afford the subscription fees.

"Currently, authors are required to give up copyright of their research articles to publishers. We want to move to a fully open paradigm where authors can redeem and openly license their articles so that they are free to share, use, and reuse their work so that science can move forward faster. By making it open, we gain a wider possible readership that will help improve the quality of science,” Campbell said.

Furthermore, not only are publishers making a profit from subscription fees, but they also benefit significantly from hefty publishing and author fees.

“Researchers are paying to publish their research output, and libraries are paying to access it in what is known as double-dipping by publishers, leading to what we term ‘serial crisis’. Research institutions pay twice and still do not see their research widely available to be read.”

Transformative Agreements 

The panel explained the use of transformative agreements as a strategy to achieve full OA publishing. This strategy includes OA initiatives that organise investments around open research communication, demanding price transparency from publishers, as well as reorganising workflow and building up the capacity to make OA a default.

With Truran presenting statistics on OA in South Africa, he highlighted that “only 46% of South African journals are available freely, the rest are still out of reach of those who cannot afford to pay the costs associated with paywalls”. Tise touched on some negotiation principles for a transformational transition to OA. “Inclusivity and social justice must be core. Publishers must have an equity, diversity, and inclusion plan that addresses the challenges of researchers in the Global South.”

Should the UFS continue to subscribe to academic journals that are behind a paywall? 
Truran answered this question by saying: “If we’re going to cancel subscriptions, then we should do it in unity and at the appropriate time. At the same time giving transformative agreements a go."

In his closing remarks, Molepo clarified the university’s stance on OA: “The UFS has taken a decision to publish all our journals in-house. We have flipped from subscription to full OA, and in the process, have seen a huge improvement in terms of citation. The impact of those journals has improved drastically from 2015 to 2021. We are content with that. The route to OA is the route this university should be taking,” he said.

News Archive

UV belê in gehalte met strategiese fokusgroepe - Volksblad
2006-02-09

Verslaggewer
DIE Universiteit van die Vrystaat (UV) gaan vanjaar R10 miljoen beskikbaar stel om sekere van sy akademiese en navorsingsaktiwiteite in strategiese fokusgroepe te bedryf.

 

Volgens prof. Frederick Fourie, rektor en visekanselier van die UV, is hierdie ’n belegging in gehalte wat sal help om die UV nasionaal en internasionaal van ander universiteite in die wêreld te onderskei.

Tydens die amptelike opening van die UV verlede week het Fourie beklemtoon dat die strategiese fokusgroepe veel meer behels as net ’n herorganisering van gevestigde navorsingsgebiede.

“Sulke fokusgroepe behels ’n gefokusde deskundigheidsgebied en nie slegs navorsing nie, maar ook sterk voorgraadse en veral nagraadse onderrig en ’n potensieel sterk wetenskaplike grondslag vir samelewingsdiens.

“Strategiese fokusgroepe sal georganiseer word op die grondslag dat hierdie kennisgebiede op kort termyn die vlagskepe van die UV kan word. Dit beteken dat hierdie die gebiede is waarin die UV nou of in die toekoms waarskynlik ’n kompeterende voorsprong sal hê.”
Hy het gesê dit is belangrik dat die UV hom in die volgende fase van sy ontwikkeling posisioneer, nie net as ’n goeie onderrig- en navorsingsuniversiteit nie, maar ook as ’n universiteit wat in strategies belangrike kennisgebiede uitblink. Dit is noodsaaklik om energie en hulpbronne so te rig.

Nie alle akademiese en navorsingsaktiwiteite gaan egter hierdeur geraak word nie. ’n Breë ondersteuningsgrondslag is die afgelope paar jaar geskep vir uitnemende navorsing deur alle akademiese personeellede in hul eie navorsingsgebiede. Dié inisiatief sal naas die nuwe fokusgroepinisiatief steeds voortgaan.

Fourie sê die strategiese fokusgroepbenadering sal in lyn wees met die benadering wat ontwerp word deur die Nasionale Navorsingsraad (NNR) om nasionale prioriteite in berekening te bring. Breedweg is die vyf strategiese gebiede vir die UV voorlopig die volgende:
1. Voedselproduksie, voedselgehalte en voedselsekuriteit vir Afrika.
2. Ontwikkeling en streeksontwikkeling binne die Afrika-konteks.
3. Maatskaplike transformasie binne die Suider-Afrikaanse en Afrika-konteks.
4. Waterhulpbron- en ekostelselbestuur.
5. Tegnologie vir die toekoms. (’n Aparte fokusgroep rakende die chemiese nywerheid kan dalk bepaal word).

“Binne elk van hierdie gebiede kan ’n aantal nisgebiede geïdentifiseer word. Die fokusgebiede dek sowel die geestes- as die natuurwetenskappe, maar uiteraard kan en moet dit nie alles vir almal probeer wees nie,” sê Fourie.

Die presiese formulering en inhoud van die fokus- en nisgebiede sal nog bepaal word tydens gesprekke op die kampus. Dit sal met die hulp van kundiges buite die UV geskied.
Hy sê dit het sin dat ’n mediumgrootte universiteit soos die UV sy menslike hulpbronne, infrastruktuur, finansiële hulpbronne en intellektuele kundigheid sal konsentreer om te verseker dat ’n bydrae gelewer word tot Bloemfontein, die Vrystaat, die land en die Afrika-vasteland.

Hy sê van die uitvloeisels kan ’n belangrike impak op nywerheidsontwikkeling hê, byvoorbeeld in die chemiese bedryf, en dit mag ook ’n grondslag skep vir samewerking met provinsiale, nasionale en internasionale vennote.

Behalwe die R10 miljoen vir die vestiging van die fokusgroepe is daar die afgelope paar jaar groot bedrae beskikbaar gestel vir talle projekte om gehalte in onderrig en leer, in navorsing en ander gebiede te verbeter.

Berig verskyn in Volksblad - Dinsdag, 7 Februarie 2006

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