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24 February 2023 | Story André Damons | Photo Supplied
Prof Paul Oberholster
Prof Paul Oberholster is Director of the Centre for Environmental Management at the University of the Free State (UFS) and winner of the NSTF-Water Research Commission (WRC) Award for his contribution to water resource management in South Africa in 2021.

This year has already seen severe natural disasters across the world, including devastating floods and forest fires, which serve as reminders of the planet's fragility and the importance of addressing the impacts of climate change. Nature-based solutions can play a critical role in mitigating climate change and offer a range of benefits to both people and the planet.

Prof Paul Oberholster – Director of the Centre for Environmental Management at the University of the Free State (UFS) – and his team played their part by researching nature-based solutions as an alternative to treating acid mine drainage (AMD) and domestic wastewater. Freshwater algae as a phycoremediation solution approach have the potential to help society and the environment in several ways.  

Prof Oberholster, winner of the NSTF-Water Research Commission (WRC) Award for his contribution to water resource management in South Africa in 2021, says nature-based solutions also play a vital role in realising the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), which was adopted during the United Nations Biodiversity Conference (COP15) on 19 December 2022 in Montreal, Canada. The GBF sets global targets for 2030 that aim to effectively conserve and manage at least 30% of the world's lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and oceans, prioritise ecologically representative and well-connected systems of protected areas, restore at least 30% of degraded ecosystems, reduce the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance, cut global food waste in half, and significantly reduce over-consumption and waste generation.

What are nature-based solutions?

According to Prof Oberholster, nature-based solutions are approaches that utilise natural ecosystem processes, functions, and structures to address a variety of planetary health challenges, including climate change. These solutions involve protecting, restoring, regenerating, and sustainably managing natural ecosystems, such as forests, wetlands, and oceans, to enhance their ability to store carbon, regulate water flow, reinstate ecosystem services, and provide habitat for wildlife.

The significance of nature-based solutions regarding climate change adaptation is multifaceted. Firstly, natural ecosystems are essential for regulating the earth's climate, as they absorb and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which helps to mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emissions. 

Secondly, nature-based solutions can help to reduce the vulnerability of human communities to the impact of climate change, such as flooding, drought, and extreme weather events. Thirdly, nature-based solutions can provide multiple benefits beyond climate change adaptation, such as enhancing biodiversity, supporting sustainable livelihoods, and improving human health and well-being.

Prof Oberholster’s work

Algae-based treatment systems use bio-stimulation applications and natural processes to remove pollutants from water, which can be more cost-effective and produce less waste. Traditional treatment methods for AMD and domestic wastewater often rely on using chemicals or energy-intensive processes, which can be expensive and have negative environmental impacts. 

"Algae-based treatment systems can help mitigate the environmental impacts of AMD and domestic wastewater by removing pollutants such as heavy metals and reducing the acidity of the water. This can help restore the ecosystem and protect public health. Similarly, algae-based treatment systems can remove nutrients from domestic wastewater, reducing its environmental impact and preventing eutrophication, which can harm aquatic life," says Prof Oberholster.

Clean water and sanitation, forestry (plant life and agriculture), and climate change are part of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) making Prof Oberholster's research much more important. 


Meet a Limnologist, Paul Oberholster (NSTF-South32 Award Winner): 


Significance of nature-based solutions

According to him, there are several reasons why we should make more use of nature-based solutions. It can help reduce our carbon footprint and mitigate the impact of climate change. It can help protect the environment and promote biodiversity. By reducing waste and pollution, we can preserve natural resources and ecosystems and ensure they remain healthy and vibrant for future generations.

Dr Yolandi Schoeman , a postdoc student of Prof Oberholster, says the significance of nature-based solutions is multifaceted and includes environmental, social, and economic benefits. Nature-based solutions can play a critical role in mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon, enhancing carbon sinks, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By protecting and restoring natural ecosystems, we can enhance their ability to store carbon, which in turn helps to mitigate the effects of climate change.

"These solutions are also important for climate change adaptation. Nature-based solutions can also help to reduce the vulnerability of human communities to the impact of climate change, such as flooding, drought, and extreme weather events. By regenerating natural wetlands and floodplains, for example, we can help to reduce the risk of flooding, while reforestation can help to prevent soil erosion and landslides,'' says Dr Schoeman.

According to her, rewilding is another key reason why nature-based solutions are critical in the process of regenerating natural ecosystems. Through rewilding, habitat can be reinstated for a wide range of plant and animal species, lost species guilds can be restored by giving them space to thrive, population enhancement can be enabled, and key native species can be reintroduced as essential ecosystem builders. By protecting, regenerating, and restoring these ecosystems, we can help conserve biodiversity and prevent species loss, ultimately securing our own survival on earth.

UFS research initiative relating to nature-based solutions 

The UFS has a number of ongoing research initiatives and projects focused on nature-based technology solutions, including projects focused on climate adaptation in water resource management, establishing the water-climate-food-rewilding-land nexus as a planetary health ‘stock-take’ of ecosystems, reducing water usage, reinstating connections as coupled human and natural systems, enabling rewilding, and increasing water efficiency. 

The UFS is also involved in research that addresses water pollution through developing and implementing nature-based systems such as hybrid constructed wetlands, phytoremediation and phycoremediation, regenerating natural wetland systems and riparian buffer zones, bio-remediation, design of bio-intelligent systems, integrating grey and green infrastructure, and the use of big data and analytics in the design and management of nature-based solutions for water, according to Dr Schoeman. 

Ecological Engineering Institute of Africa

Prof Oberholster is leading a globally significant initiative that has recently been established at the UFS – the Ecological Engineering Institute of Africa (EEIA). The EEIA's managing members include scientists and engineers from across the world, including Egypt, Ghana, Greece, and the United States of America (USA). 

Prof William Mitsch, an original co-founder of the EEIA, is also a managing member. Prof Mitsch, regarded as the best wetland scientist in the world, is also known for his positions as director of the Everglades Wetland Research Park, United States National Ramsar committee chair (to name but a few), and is an ecological engineer who was the co-laureate of the 2004 Stockholm Water Prize

The EEIA intends to promote interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing the field of ecological engineering in Africa and globally, and to encourage research in this innovative field. The EEIA's goal is also to establish a fully functional research and training facility, to develop various undergraduate and postgraduate curricula, and to provide international accreditation to ecological engineers. 

Snow

Evaluating on-site performance of Africa’s first ecologically engineered wetland treating a cocktail of anthropogenically impacted water from the agricultural, mining, and industrial sectors in Emalahleni, South Africa.

Forest

Phycoremediation integrated with phytoremediation in an ecologically engineered wetland to treat mine and industrial-impacted water.

Mountains

Dr Yolandi Schoeman (UFS), together with Mr Pieter Nel from North West Parks Board. Her nexus research project covers an area of more than 20 000 km² in South Africa to develop a water-climate-food-rewilding-land nexus as a novel approach to determining the planetary health status quo and boundaries of ecosystems as coupled human-natural systems.

News Archive

Situation on the Bloemfontein Campus, and letter to parents
2016-02-28

Letter to parents from Prof Jonathan Jansen, Vice-Chancellor and Rector of the UFS 

 

Statement by Prof Jonathan Jansen, Vice-Chancellor and Rector of the University of the Free State (UFS) about the situation on the Bloemfontein Campus


1.    As all of you know, last night we witnessed a really tragic event at Xerox Shimla Park on the Bloemfontein Campus on the occasion of the Varsity Cup rugby match between NMMU (FNB Madibaz) and UFS (FNB Shimlas).
2.    The game started at 18:30 and about 17 minutes into the match, a group of protestors sitting on the north-eastern side of the stadium decided to invade the pitch and disrupt the game in progress.
3.    After a short while, some of the spectators also invaded the field, chasing and brutally beating those protestors whom they caught.
4.    As a university leadership we condemn in the strongest terms possible the vicious attack on the protestors. Nobody, repeat nobody, has the right to take the law into their own hands. While the protests were illegal and disruptive, it did not harm to the physical well-being of the spectators.
5.    The reaction from the group of spectators, however, not only opened old wounds, it trampled, literally and figuratively, on the dignity and humanity of other human beings. This we condemn in no uncertain terms, and no stone will be left unturned to find those who acted so violently on what should have been a beautiful occasion that also brought families and young children together to enjoy an evening of sport.
6.    I cannot over-emphasise our level of disgust and dismay at the behaviour of the spectators. It is NOT what the University of the Free State (UFS) is about and we are working around the clock to gather evidence on the basis of which we will pursue both charges and, in the case of students, also disciplinary action on campus.
7.    At the same time, the invasion of the pitch is also completely unacceptable and we will seek evidence on the basis of which we will act against those who decided to disrupt an official university event.
8.    Clashes between students occurred afterwards on campus and members of the Public Order Policing had to disperse some of them. The situation was stabilised in the early hours of the morning.
9.    Disruption continued this morning (23 February 2016) when students damaged some university buildings, a statue, and broke windows. Additional reinforcements from the South African Police Service were brought in to stabilise the campus. Additional security has also been deployed.


Broader picture
10.    We are very aware of the national crisis on university campuses and the instability currently underway. While the UFS has been largely peaceful, we have not been spared this turmoil, as last night’s events showed.
11.    We are also conscious of the fact that even as we speak, various political formations are vying for position inside the turmoil in this important election year. In fact, part of the difficulty of resolving competing demands is that they come from different political quarters, and change all the time.
12.    We are therefore learning from reliable sources that the Varsity Cup competition is, in fact, a target of national protests in front of a television audience.
13.    And we are aware of the fact that these protests are not only led by students but also by people from outside who have no association with the university. Just as the violent spectators involved on Monday night also included people from outside the university.

The demands

14.    My team has worked around the clock to try to meet the demands of contract workers demanding to be in-sourced. In fact, this weekend past, senior colleagues sat with worker leaders in the township to try to find ways of meeting their demands. We were hoping that such an agreement would be finalised by Monday afternoon (22 February 2016), but on the same Monday morning workers and students were arrested after moving onto Nelson Mandela Avenue, after which the South African Police Service (SAPS) took over as the matter became a public safety concern outside the hands of the university. Since then, it was difficult to return the workers to settle on a possible agreement.
15.    The fact is that the UFS has been in constant negotiation with contract workers to provide our colleagues with a decent wage and certain benefits. In fact, towards the end of last year we raised the minimum wage from R2 500 to R5 000. We were in fact hoping that the continued negotiations would improve that level of compensation even as we looked at a possible plan for insourcing in the future. We made it clear that if we could insource immediately, we would, but that the financial risk to the university was so great that it threatened the jobs of all our staff. Those negotiations were going well, until recently, when without notice the workers broke away and decided to protest on and around campus.
16.    While these negotiations were going on, the Student Representative Council (SRC) on Monday 22 February 2016 also decided to protest. While the vast majority of our 32 000 students were in classes and determined to get an education, a very small group led by the SRC President decided to protest; some invaded the UFS Sasol Library and the computer centre, and with the President eventually made their way to Xerox Shimla Park on which route they confronted the police, interrupted traffic and in fact injured some of our security staff as well as police officials.
17.    The university is definitely proceeding to collect evidence on these illegal and violent acts and will also act firmly against students involved in these protests.

Summary
18.    The events of Monday night represent a major setback for the transformation process at the UFS. While we have made major progress in recent years—from residence integration to a more inclusive language policy to a core curriculum to very successful ‘leadership for change’ interventions for student leaders—we still have a long way to go.
19.    One violent incident on a rugby field and we again see the long road ahead yet to be travelled. As I have often said before, you cannot deeply transform a century-old university and its community overnight. We acknowledge the progress but also the still long and difficult path ahead. We will not give up.
20.    We have 32 000 students on our campuses; the overwhelming majority of them are decent and committed to building bridges over old divides as we have seen over and over again. So many of our students, black and white, have become close and even intimate friends working hard to make this a better campus and ours a better community and country. Like all of us, they are gutted by what they saw on Monday, but the hundreds of messages I received from parents, students, and alumni this past 20 hours or so said one thing—keep on keeping on. And we will.

 

The Big Read: An assault on transformation (Times Live kolom deur Prof Jonathan Jansen: 25 Februarie 2016)

 

 

 


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