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UFS development studies alumnus now prominent international researcher in disability studies

03 July 2023 | Story Leonie Bolleurs | Photo Stephen Collett

Prof Oliver Mutanga and Prof Melanie Walker — Prof Oliver Mutanga, one of the first PhD gradautes under the SARChI Chair in Higher Education and Human Development, pictured with his former supervisor, Prof Melanie Walker, during his first visit to the university after ten years.

Prof Oliver Mutanga, a University of the Free State (UFS) alumnus with a PhD in Development Studies and an experienced researcher focused on matters pertaining to disability, education, equality, and health issues, recently took up the position of Assistant Professor in the Graduate School of Education at the Nazarbayev University in Astana, Kazakhstan.

Prof Melanie Walker, Director of the SARChI Chair in Higher Education and HumanDevelopment (HEHD) at the UFS, invited Prof Mutanga to discuss his own research via an open webinar and to engage with members of her research group.

Prof Walker explained that she was delighted to host Dr Mutanga at the university, given his profile as an outstanding and internationally mobile early career researcher, from whom others in her group could learn. “Further, I very much wanted Dr Mutanga to speak about his own research, given its overall academic excellence, quality, and impact. Going forward, I am looking forward to developing this link with Dr Mutanga and his colleagues abroad around critical diversity studies,” she states.

Profs Walker and Mutanga have collaborated in the past to write articles for academic journals arising from his doctoral research. Examples include, ‘Towards a disability-inclusive higher education policy through the capabilities approach’ (published in the Journal of Human Development and Capabilities) as well as ‘Exploration of the academic lives of students with disabilities at South African universities: Lecturers’ perspectives’ (published in the African Journal of Disability).

Prior to joining Nazarbayev University, Prof Mutanga gained valuable research and development experience in various countries, including Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa, Norway, and the United Kingdom.

He has also received several accolades for his work, including the prestigious Marie Sklodowska Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of Oslo, Norway, and the Global Challenges Research Fellowship at University College London's Institute of Education.

A unique outlook on disability

In 2013, Prof Mutanga was part of the first cohort of PhD students under the SARChI Chair in Higher Education and Human Development. Recently, during his three-day visit to the UFS, he addressed the HEHD research group and an international academic audience during a hybrid seminar on the perceptions and experiences of disability within the Tembo Mvura communities of Northern Zimbabwe.

In his research for this paper, Prof Mutanga uses storytelling and in-depth interviews to offer a distinctive, community-based, and Southern interpretation of disability. By applying the capabilities approach and the ubuntu philosophy, his study presents a contrast to Western perceptions of disability that often emphasise individual limitations and differences based on physical and mental characteristics, which have the potential to both result in isolation and to understanding people as autonomous but isolated beings.

Within the Tembo Mvura communities, he discovered that disability is viewed through a lens of interconnectedness between individuals, their environment, and the spiritual world: “They recognise the inherent worth and dignity of all individuals, irrespective of their impairments,” found Prof Mutanga. Indeed, impairment of full personhood is understood as lacking in any of the three dimensions outlined above.

Thus, Prof Mutanga explored the complex interaction of identity, access to land, laws, and language, as well as labelling, highlighting how these factors shape perceptions and experiences of disability within these communities.

He is of the view that these findings will have implications for North-dominated disability discourse and for policy, practice, and research within indigenous contexts, such as the Tembo Mvura, where disability is uniquely perceived and experienced.

In addition to the hybrid seminar, Prof Mutanga led valuable sessions with the HEHD Research Group, where the PhD and postdoctoral fellows had the opportunity to workshop and refine various aspects of their current research papers and to engage in discussions around building their academic careers.

News Archive

To tan or not to tan: a burning issue

2009-12-08

Prof. Werner Sinclair

“Some evidence exists which implies that sunscreens could indeed be responsible for the dramatic rise in the incidence of melanoma over the past three decades, the period during which the use of sunscreens became very popular,” says Prof. Werner Sinclair, Head of the Department of Dermatology at the University of the Free State. His inaugural lecture was on the topic Sunscreens – Curse or Blessing?

Prof. Sinclair says the use of sunscreen preparations is widely advocated as a measure to prevent acute sunburn, chronic sun damage and resultant premature skin aging as well as skin malignancies, including malignant melanoma. There is inconclusive evidence to prove that these preparations do indeed achieve all of these claims. The question is whether these preparations are doing more harm than good?

He says the incidence of skin cancer is rising dramatically and these tumours are induced mostly by the ultra-violet rays.

Of the UV light that reaches the earth 90-95% belongs to the UVA fraction. UVC is normally filtered out by the ozone layer. UVB leads to sunburn while UVA leads to pigmentation (tanning). Because frequent sunburn was often associated with skin cancer, UVB was assumed, naively, to be the culprit, he says.

Exposure to sunlight induces a sense of well-being, increases the libido, reduces appetite and induces the synthesis of large amounts of vitamin D, an essential nutritional factor. The use of sunscreen creams reduces vitamin D levels and low levels of vitamin D have been associated with breast and colon cancer. Prof. Sinclair says the 17% increase in breast cancer from 1981 to 1991 parallels the vigorous use of sunscreens over the same period.

Among the risk factors for the development of tumours are a family history, tendency to freckle, more than three episodes of severe sunburn during childhood, and the use of artificial UV light tanning booths. He says it remains a question whether to tan or not. It was earlier believed that the main carcinogenic rays were UVB and that UVA merely induced a tan. The increase in UVA exposure could have severe consequences.

Prof. Sinclair says the UV light used in artificial tanning booths consists mainly of pure UVA which are highly dangerous rays. It has been estimated that six per cent of all melanoma deaths in the UK can be directly attributed to the use of artificial tanning lights. The use of an artificial tanning booth will double the melanoma risk of a person. “UVA is solely responsible for solar skin aging and it is ironical that tanning addicts, who want to look beautiful, are inflicting accelerated ageing in the process,” he says.

On the use of sunscreens he says it can prevent painful sunburn, but UVA-induced damage continues unnoticed. UVB blockers decrease vitamin D synthesis, which is a particular problem in the elderly. It also prevents the sunburn warning and therefore increases the UVA dosage that an individual receives. It creates a false sense of security which is the biggest problem associated with sunscreens.

Evidence obtained from the state of Queensland in Australia, where the heaviest and longest use of sunscreens occurred, boasted the highest incidence of melanoma in the world. A huge study in Norway has shown a 350% increase in melanoma for men and 440% for women. This paralleled the increase in the use of UVB blocking sunscreens while there was no change in the ozone layer. It did however, occur during that time when tanning became fashionable in Norway and there was an increase especially in artificial tanning.

Prof. Sinclair says: “We believe that sunscreen use does not directly lead to melanoma, but UVA exposure does. The Melanoma Epidemic is a reality. Sunscreen preparations are not the magical answer in the fight against melanoma and the irresponsible use of these preparations can worsen the problem.”

Media Release
Issued by: Mangaliso Radebe
Assistant Director: Media Liaison
Tel: 051 401 2828
Cell: 078 460 3320
E-mail: radebemt.stg@ufs.ac.za
7 December 2009

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