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20 December 2024 | Story Leonie Bolleurs | Photo Supplied
Yolandi Schoeman
Dr Yolandi Schoeman is redefining the future of ecological restoration with innovative solutions for both Earth and space.

Dr Yolandi Schoeman, a Senior Lecturer in Ecological Engineering in the Centre for Mineral Biogeochemistry at the University of the Free State (UFS) and the Ecological Engineering Institute of Africa, was fascinated by the synergy between engineering and the natural sciences from a young age.
 
She said that the potential within ecological engineering to regenerate ecosystems at all scales, from the microscopic to vast landscapes, really drew her in. “This field offers solutions not only for daily sustainability challenges but also for the threats to planetary health and human well-being. However, when I was starting out, ecological engineering wasn't recognised as a formal career path in South Africa, and studying it in the United States wasn't feasible for me at the time. So, I explored various educational paths in civil engineering and natural sciences, aiming to merge these disciplines in my projects and research. My ultimate goal has been to establish and develop the field of ecological engineering both in South Africa and across Africa,” she explained. 

Conventional and extreme ecological engineering

Dr Schoeman’s work in ecological engineering spans two main areas: conventional and extreme ecological engineering. On the conventional side, she says she is focusing on projects like designing constructed wetlands to naturally treat water, implementing urban greening initiatives to cool cities and manage stormwater, and regenerating various habitats to strengthen biodiversity. In terms of extreme ecological engineering, she focuses on developing innovative solutions for ecosystems that have been severely impacted by disasters like industrial accidents or natural calamities. 

Additionally, she is leading efforts in astro-ecological engineering, applying these principles to rehabilitate severely damaged terrestrial environments while exploring their potential for extraterrestrial applications, advancing both sustainability and ecological restoration.

There are two moments in her journey that Dr Schoeman recalled helped shape her career. One was being invited to participate in the 2006 Brightest Young Minds initiative, hosted by the University of Stellenbosch. She said that it was the first platform where she could really develop and share her ideas and vision in ecological engineering. “I contributed to a publication titled Engineering Engineering, which focused on integrating nature into every facet of development and operations. That experience validated my vision of combining engineering and natural systems.”

The other experience came during her studies in Executive Leadership at the Skolkovo School of Management in Moscow. “I was tasked with leading a multidisciplinary, international team that had to create a sustainability strategy for a major international iron, steel and vanadium company. The project pushed me to defend sustainability solutions that would alter the way this industrial giant operated. It was a deeply challenging process that changed my perception of true sustainability and what it means to deliver solutions that are both impactful and make business sense. That moment forced me to step out of the comfort zone of conventional sustainability and reorient my path toward pursuing solutions that seemed almost impossible, but necessary.”

Advancing ecological engineering across Africa

Two of the most important research projects she has been involved in include advancing ecological engineering across Africa and restoring and managing ecosystems that are considered beyond conventional repair. The first project involved establishing an international institution that spearheads various innovative research areas, including exploring floating treatment wetlands, different types of constructed wetlands, and technologies for smarter ecosystem management in urban and rural contexts. “This comprehensive project has substantially elevated the global understanding and application of ecological engineering, addressing a spectrum of sustainability challenges,” she said.

In the second project she worked with a team that tackled severely degraded environments like post-mining landscapes, heavily polluted industrial sites, and areas where ecosystem functionality has been drastically compromised. She also aims to develop the projects further and to collaborate with agencies like NASA to design life-support systems for future space habitats. “These systems are not limited to space applications, but are also designed to address complex planetary health issues in extreme environments on Earth, such as war zones, nuclear disaster areas, and sites affected by climatic catastrophes,” she remarked.

Dr Schoeman is also responsible for the "Astroecological Engineering System" (AES). “This system uniquely integrates terrestrial ecological engineering principles with astro-ecological technologies to deal with some of the most challenging environmental restoration projects on Earth and potentially in future space habitats,” she stated, adding that AES is specifically designed for restoring heavily degraded or contaminated ecosystems – situations where traditional restoration methods are inadequate. 

Pushing the boundaries of what’s possible 

She believes AES is a versatile tool for addressing some of the most daunting environmental challenges we currently face. This passion for handling seemingly insurmountable problems is what drives her work. 

“These are the issues that often push the boundaries of what's possible in ecological engineering. Each project that seems 'impossible' provides an opportunity not just to solve a problem, but to innovate and create methods that can be applied globally. It's about turning what was once thought unachievable into tangible, impactful realities that improve our environment and our relationship with the natural world. I truly believe that humanity holds the pen that can rewrite our future.”

About the future, she says that over the next 15 years she would like to see extreme ecological engineering, supported by astro-ecological insights, evolve into a foundational strategy in global environmental management. This approach will be key in scenarios where traditional restoration methods are inadequate. “My goal is to integrate these advanced, resilient techniques into mainstream disaster response and urban planning processes worldwide, preparing ecosystems and communities to withstand and adapt to future ecological stresses,” she said.

She also envisions a future where the principles of extreme and astro-ecological engineering are routinely taught in academic institutions and incorporated into public policy. “By raising awareness and building expertise on a global scale, I aim to cultivate a new generation of engineers – those who are not only equipped to take on severe environmental crises on Earth but are also prepared for the ecological challenges we may face in space. This ambitious vision drives a shift towards more resilient and adaptive management of Earth's ecosystems, ensuring they thrive amidst the challenges of the 21st century.”

News Archive

Art and science help us understand the world and our place in it
2017-10-28



Description: Art and science  Tags: Art and science

At the event were, from the left: Tristan Nel, first-year Fine Arts student;
Dr Janine Allen-Spies from the Department of Fine Arts;
Prof Carlien Pohl-Albertyn from the Department of Microbiology,
Biochemical and Food Biotechnology; and Pheny Mokawane, a
Microbiology, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology student.
Photo: Charl Devenish

Although BioArt dates back as far as the 15th and 16th centuries with the work of Leonardo da Vinci, it is not every day that art and science combine. This rare phenomenon made its appearance when two totally different groups of students – studying arts and microbiology respectively – joined hands in an initiative to create BioArt.

This first-time undergraduate teaching collaboration between the Departments of Fine Arts and Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology at the University of the Free State (UFS), which is characterised by the use of living materials, such as enzymes, microbes and DNA, as well as scientific tools and methods, is exploring a number of questions. 

Different outcomes for arts and microbiology students

According to Prof Carlien Pohl-Albertyn from the Department of Microbiology, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, one of the central questions explored in BioArt is the nature of ‘life’. “At which stage can matter be classified as being alive or living?” she asked. 

“We realised that the outcomes for the two groups of students would not be the same. For the microbiology students, the focus would be on the understanding and effective communication of a microbiological concept. For the art students the focus would be on the execution of the assignment using visual elements and applied theory of art,” said Prof Pohl-Albertyn.

Dr Janine Allen-Spies from the Department of Fine Arts added: “Art students will also be exploring strangely or previously unforeseen gaps between art and science that can be filled with imaginative interpretations which may forward creative insights in both BioArt as a developing art form and microbiology as investigative science.”

Students’ understanding of microbial evolution reflected in art
The art students had to visit the microbiology labs for their assignment as this is mostly a foreign environment for these students. “The paint medium they had to use was gouache. This medium with its bright colours works well to depict microscopic organisms in art,” Dr Allen-Spies said. 

On display at the Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology on the Bloemfontein Campus, at a recent event to introduce this new initiative to a wider audience, was a range of visually and scientifically compelling paintings and artefacts (such as paintings, poems, songs, apps) which explore a theme within microbiology from a BioArt perspective that uses creativity to communicate concepts dealt with in the module Microbial Evolution and Diversity.

Any parties who are interested in buying the art can contact Dr Allen-Spies at allenj@ufs.ac.za.

Paintings and artefacts reflects students understanding of BioArt. At the recent opening of the BioArt exhibition at the UFS Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, was the work of Madeleen Jansen van Rensburg on display.

Pheny Mokawane, a Microbiology, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology student, wrote a poem for his BioArt project in the Microbial Evolution and Diversity assignment. 

 

 

 

 

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