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11 July 2024 | Story André Damons | Photo supplied
From top (left to right): Dr Angélique Lewies (researcher from the Robert WM Frater Cardiovascular Research Centre within the UFS Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery), Zurika Murray (behavioural geneticist from the UFS Department of Genetics), Dr Marieka Gryzenhout (C-rated scientist and Senior Lecturer in the Department of Genetics), and Dr Jaco Wentzel (serves as the pharmaceutical industry partner and consultant for the project at FARMOVS).

In an effort to advance drug discovery and disease research, researchers from the University of the Free State (UFS), the Central University of Technology (CUT), and FARMOVS, a clinical research company associated with the UFS, is developing innovative 3D cell culture models using 3D printed mini bioreactors.

This interdisciplinary project, led by Dr Angélique Lewies, researcher from the Robert WM Frater Cardiovascular Research Centre (Frater Centre) within the UFS Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, is creating more accurate and human-like models for this purpose, reducing the need for animal testing, and improving the safety and effectiveness of new treatments.

The project was initiated to address the challenges associated with current 3D cell culture techniques, which are often expensive and complex. Recognising the need for a more cost-effective and user-friendly solution, the researchers embarked on this collaboration to develop a novel 3D cell culture system. By making these advanced techniques more accessible, the team aims to enhance the reliability of drug testing and significantly reduce the reliance on animal experiments. This innovative approach not only promises to cut costs but also promotes ethical research practices in the scientific community.

Dr Lewies, whose research specialises in cardio-oncology (relationship between cancer treatment and heart health), particularly in understanding and preventing damage to cardiac cells caused by chemotherapy, leads the cell biology aspects of the project, focusing on the cultivation of 3D cancer spheroid and organoid cultures.

According to her, the project focuses on creating 3D cell cultures, known as spheroids and organoids, that mimic human tissues more closely. These 3D models can improve the reliability of drug testing and reduce the need for animal experiments, aligning with the 3R principles: Reduction, Replacement, and Refinement.

Creating a versatile platform

“Traditional drug discovery and disease studies often rely on flat (2D) cell cultures and animal models. While animal models are essential for understanding disease and testing drug safety, they don't always predict how humans will respond, and their use raises ethical concerns.

“We aim to develop affordable and efficient 3D-printed mini bioreactors for growing these advanced cell cultures. These bioreactors will be designed to fit into existing cell culture labs, making them accessible to researchers. By leveraging the cutting-edge 3D printing technology at CUT's Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (CRPM), the team hopes to create a versatile platform for various research applications,” says Dr Lewies.

She is joined in this project by UFS colleagues; Zurika Murray, a behavioural geneticist, and her colleague from the Department of Genetics, Dr Marieka Gryzenhout, a C-rated scientist and Senior Lecturer. Dr Jaco Wentzel from FARMOVS. is also involved in the project. Dr Wentzel serves as the pharmaceutical industry partner and consultant for the project. With experience in cellular biology and pharmaceuticals, he ensures that the new 3D cell culture models meet industry standards and can be effectively used in drug development. Dr Wentzel’s role is crucial in bridging the gap between academic research and practical application in the pharmaceutical industry.

Goals

According to Dr Lewies, this project aims to create more accurate and ethical models for drug testing and improving the development of new treatments. By combining expertise from engineering, biology, and mycology, the team is set to revolutionise how diseases are studied, and medicines developed. Funded by the CUT and UFS Joint Research Programme, this initiative promises to foster innovation and lead to new research collaborations.

“Cardiac cell damage, known as cardiotoxicity, can lead to serious cardiovascular diseases and is a major reason why some drugs are removed from the market. By developing 3D cancer spheroids and cardiac organoids (mini heart models), my team aims to find ways to prevent this cardiotoxicity while enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs.

“Additionally, they are exploring the cardiotoxic effects of natural products, such as medicinal plants and mushrooms, which show potential for both anticancer and cardio-protective properties,” says Dr Lewies.

Experts

Murray is interested in how the psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin affect the brain with her research focusing on the epigenome of genes within the serotonin pathway, which could explain the therapeutic potential of these compounds. “As part of this project, Murray will work with the Frater Centre to develop neuronal organoids (mini brain models) using the 3D mini-bioreactor platform.

“This will allow her to investigate the effects of psilocybin and psilocin on brain function, which have shown promise in treating mental health disorders like depression and anxiety, aiming to understand how these substances might help treat mental health issues,” says Dr Lewies.

Dr Gryzenhout brings her expertise in mycology and is responsible for cultivating medicinal mushrooms used in the project. Dr Gryzenhout's research focuses on the genetic characterisation of medicinal mushrooms and evaluating their therapeutic potential. These mushrooms produce a variety of bioactive compounds with therapeutic benefits, including anticancer activities, heart protection, and immune system support.

Her team is also approved by the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) to research the controlled psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin.

Drug Discovery Goals

The project’s long-term focus is on potentially discovering new drugs to prevent and treat heart and brain diseases. Specifically, the team is working on developing therapies for cardio-oncology and neurological applications. In the realm of cardio-oncology, the goal is to find treatments that prevent cardiac cell damage and downstream cardiovascular diseases caused by cancer therapies, while still effectively targeting cancer cells. For neurological applications, the researchers are exploring the potential of drugs derived from medicinal mushrooms, including those with psychedelic properties, to treat conditions like depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders.

News Archive

During 2011: Highlights at the UFS
2011-12-01

2011 was a phenomenal year in the life of the University of the Free State and the memorable moments will be engraved in the history of this proud institution.

World Universities Forum honours the UFS

The UFS was awarded the World Universities Forum (WUF) Award for Best Practice in Higher Education during 2010.The Best Practice Award recognises the most significant practices of the year around the world. The university’s implementation of a number of interlocking innovations to transform the institution is recognised with the award.

These innovations include: campus-wide racial integration for students; reinvigoration of the academic culture; nurturing of the most promising young scholars by means of the Vice-Chancellor's Prestige Young Scholars Programme; sending 71 first-year students to top American universities to assist with their development into non-racial campus leaders; the revision of the undergraduate curriculum to promote a cross-disciplinary approach to key societal problems; raising the entry requirements; the facilitation of open access to campus leadership through sessions with the Vice-Chancellor and Rector; extension of this spirit of dialogue internationally through the inauguration of its International Advisory Council consisting of key thinkers and practitioners; the identification of 20 of the most dysfunctional high schools in the Free State and the building of relationships with those schools.

This university-school partnership is based on a strict contract of reciprocal commitments to increase the chances of black children attending university. The WUF applauded this as the most innovative step.


New branding for our 107-year old institution

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Our university turned a fresh new page with the launch of a new brand that will take the institution on its path to new horizons.

Two primary brands were adopted – an evolved academic crest and a new marketing brand for the institution’s offerings and services. The very foundation of the UFS is built on a dynamic learning environment where academic excellence and the development of leadership qualities. The new brand seeks to adapt to the changing needs of society, without sacrificing its rich history and heritage.

The rebranding process involved one of the most expansive and intensive process of consultations with staff, alumni, Senate, Council and other stakeholders.

The new brand is anchored in the university’s renewed motto “In Veritate Sapientiae Lux” (In Truth is the Light of Wisdom), which has been evolved to embrace the diversity of the community at the university without losing its essence.


Archbishop Desmond Tutu receives an honorary doctorate

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One of the great sons of Africa, Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu, received an honorary doctor of Theology and opened the International Institute for Studies in Race, Reconciliation and Social Justice on the Bloemfontein Campus at the beginning of 2011.

The Institute originated in the Reitz incident of 2008 and embodies the UFS’s determination to be a place where reconciliation, forgiveness and social justice would not only be studied, but where it would also be applied. Students and scholars from across the world can study the theory and practice of building societies across the boundaries of race, as well as religion, gender, disabilities and national origin.

By honouring Dr Tutu, the UFS recognises the contribution he has made in the field of Theology through his teachings and the books he has written. The UFS not only honoured him as a moral and religious leader who has maintained his integrity as a Christian, but also as “a great son of South Africa who has made a huge contribution to peace, reconciliation and justice in South Africa and in the world”.



Reconciliation closes book on the Reitz incident

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The Reitz incident, that has taken the UFS to front pages and news headlines, could come to closure this year with a reconciliation ceremony between the former students and staff members. The parties involved could meet in private and also took part in a public ceremony with many dignitaries witnessing the closure of the incident and repercussions it had.

Messages of apology were read by Prof. Teuns Verschoor, Vice-Rector: Institutional Affairs, on behalf of the UFS, and Mr Danie Grobler, on behalf of the former students. A message of acceptance of the apologies was read by Ms Emmah Koko on behalf of the workers.

Deputy Chairperson of the South Africa Human Rights Commission, Commissioner Pregs Govender, said of this historic event: “The courage and compassion shown by the workers together with the students’ willingness to embrace the spirit of change have enabled a process of justice, transformation and reconciliation that is an inspiring example for South Africa.”


Grade 12s attend first Leadership Summit

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More than 280 learners from all over South Africa and Namibia attended a three-day Leadership Summit on the Bloemfontein Campus in April 2011. The goal of the summit was to enable young leaders to develop their leadership capabilities by looking beyond their normal boundaries.

Prof. Jonathan Jansen, Vice-Chancellor and Rector, addressed the learners on leadership while Mr Louie de Necker, a training consultant, spoke about conflict resolution. Other highlights included a visit to the Boyden Observatory, picnic suppers, an introduction to residence life, a social evening, and a prize-giving ceremony aimed at learners who distinguished themselves as potential leaders during the three-day visit.


UFS honours great teachers

Our university and Sunday Times have joined hands in identifying 150 of the greatest teachers, who moved, inspired and transformed South Africans during their time at school. The project culminated in the book Great Teachers.

These are the teachers who stood out among their colleagues and made a lasting impact on their learners, inspiring them to excel, long after the mathematical equations and English literature tests are forgotten. The book is a powerful account of inspired and inspiring teachers.

All proceeds from the sales of the book will be used to provide bursaries to student teachers of today, who may become the great teachers for tomorrow’s generation.


Graduations now a celebration

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By changing its format, graduations are now a festival to celebrate years of hard work and dedication of students and lecturers at our university. Some of the changes include the gathering of the procession on the Red Square in front of the Main Building, from where it moves to the Callie Human Centre. The graduation programme is also filled with music and song items with various young speakers addressing and inspiring the audience.

A total of 83 doctorates were conferred this year, making it the highest number in the history of the university.


African Student Affairs Conference a huge success

The first African Student Affairs Conference (ASAC) was hosted by our university. The conference was attended by delegates from universities across the continent and was aimed to place the focus on issues relating to student affairs in an African context.

Delegates shared and exchanged strategies, ideas and resources, and discussed issues related to the work of student-affairs professionals. A delegate from Nigeria said it was an important conference for Africa and it should become a regular event.


Research published in Nature

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A research article on the work by a team under the leadership of Prof. Esta van Heerden, and counterparts in Belgium and the USA, has been published in the distinguished academic journal Nature on Thursday 2 June 2011.

The article – Nematoda from the terrestrial deep subsurface of South Africa – sheds more light on life in the form of a small worm (nematode) living under extreme conditions in deep, hot mines. It was discovered in one of the gold mines in the Free State.

The research can shed some new light on the possibility of life on other planets, previously considered impossible under extreme conditions. It also expands the possibilities into new areas where new organisms may be found.


Postgraduate School is one of a kind

Our Postgraduate School was launched with the aim of bringing research-bases education in line with national priorities and the focus of the UFS Academic Turnaround Strategy of 2010. It spans across our facilities.

The focus of the school is to produce graduates who are global citizens, research literate and able to reflect ethically on the purpose, process and product of research; to improve throughput rates of postgraduate students; and to make the experience of being a postgraduate at our university one which is stimulating, enjoyable and which contributes to the development of people beyond the limits of their disciplines.


Oprah Winfrey now a Kovsie

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World attention was drawn to our university when an honorary doctorate in Education was conferred on media icon Oprah Winfrey on 24 June 2011 at our Bloemfontein Campus. The graduation was probably the biggest ceremony of its kind in South Africa, with more than 4 500 people attending.

Our university honoured her for her accomplishments and unparalleled work as a global media leader, as well as a philanthropist with vision and foresight in the field of education and development.

Prof. Jonathan Jansen, Vice-Chancellor and Rector of our university, said: “It is a great privilege for us to be the first South African university to honour Ms Winfrey in this way and to be able to recognise a global icon of her stature.”


UFS doctors make history in South Africa

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Two procedures took the UFS to the forefront of the medical world this year.

History was made with the first implant of a special new aortic valve in South Africa. The advantage of this new valve is that it can be implanted percutaneously through a catheter from the groin. This eliminates the need for invasive surgery.

The valve is made from porcine pericardium (tissue derived from pigs) and is mounted on an expandable stent, which is threaded along an artery, until it reaches its desired position. The valve is especially useful in older patients who suffer from aortic valve disease and pose a high surgical risk. It also reduces hospitalisation time.

A rare malignant tumour was also removed in groundbreaking heart surgery. What makes this operation unique, is that the suspicious mass, identified in the heart of a 51-year old man, was rapidly growing into a highly invasive cardiac tumour seen in a small number of patients worldwide.

In the highly complex, 10-hour operation the entire right heart chamber had to be removed and the heart reconstructed.


School of Open Learning adds value

The activities of the new school are driven by a central principle: opening up access to those who have not had the opportunity to study at a higher-education institution due to geographical location, socio-economic circumstances or other factors.

Programmes are delivered through a blended-learning model, which blends contact teaching with distance education.

The school will collaborate with our various faculties, and is managing the continuing education-sponsored endeavours of the Faculty of Education. These include projects for in-service training of teachers in Mathematics, Natural and Physical Sciences, Languages, Literacy, Economic and Management Sciences, Technology and various areas of Management and Leadership.



Second group of young leaders abroad

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A second group of first-year students in the Leadership for Change Programme visited universities in the USA, Europe and Asia. Our university could extent the programme to 150 students, up from 71 in 2010.

These students are seen as a leadership core, not only for their university life, but also in public life outside the university borders.

The main purpose behind the programme is to expose students to positive models of racial integration. Their experiences will go a long way towards changing and enriching the minds of young leaders, who have committed to building a truly non-racial society in South Africa.


Odeion School of Music launched

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Our former Department of Music transformed into the Odeion School of Music. The name Odeion name portrays not only an excellent asset in the Free State, but also nationally and internationally.

The school’s new name bears the respected Odeion brand and a number of successful and respected ensembles operate under this brand. These include the residential Odeion String Quartet, student ensembles, the Junior Odeion String Quartet, the Odeion Sinfonia, and the Odeion Choir.

The formation of the school paths the way for more flexibility to complement its profile with new developments. These include the application of prestigious international experts as artistic fellows, membership to progressive European, jointly-developed degree programmes and curriculum development initiatives, the founding of a chair in Orchestra Conducting, a master’s degree in Arts Management, as well as the incorporation of bio-kinetics in the teaching methodologies of performance practice.


World-class Chemistry facilities opened

Description: 2011 Highlights_Chemistry Tags: 2011 Highlights_Chemistry

World-class Chemistry facilities, with state-of-the art equipment, opened on the Bloemfontein Campus.

The upgrading of the facilities and addition and replacement of equipment were the single biggest investment at our university in a long time.

Specialised research by the Department of Chemistry includes X-ray crystallography, electrochemistry, synthesis of new molecules, the development of new methods to determine rare elements, water purification, as well as the measurement of energy and temperatures responsible for phase changes in molecules, the development of agents to detect cancer and other defects in the body, and many more.
 

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