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11 July 2024 | Story André Damons | Photo supplied
From top (left to right): Dr Angélique Lewies (researcher from the Robert WM Frater Cardiovascular Research Centre within the UFS Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery), Zurika Murray (behavioural geneticist from the UFS Department of Genetics), Dr Marieka Gryzenhout (C-rated scientist and Senior Lecturer in the Department of Genetics), and Dr Jaco Wentzel (serves as the pharmaceutical industry partner and consultant for the project at FARMOVS).

In an effort to advance drug discovery and disease research, researchers from the University of the Free State (UFS), the Central University of Technology (CUT), and FARMOVS, a clinical research company associated with the UFS, is developing innovative 3D cell culture models using 3D printed mini bioreactors.

This interdisciplinary project, led by Dr Angélique Lewies, researcher from the Robert WM Frater Cardiovascular Research Centre (Frater Centre) within the UFS Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, is creating more accurate and human-like models for this purpose, reducing the need for animal testing, and improving the safety and effectiveness of new treatments.

The project was initiated to address the challenges associated with current 3D cell culture techniques, which are often expensive and complex. Recognising the need for a more cost-effective and user-friendly solution, the researchers embarked on this collaboration to develop a novel 3D cell culture system. By making these advanced techniques more accessible, the team aims to enhance the reliability of drug testing and significantly reduce the reliance on animal experiments. This innovative approach not only promises to cut costs but also promotes ethical research practices in the scientific community.

Dr Lewies, whose research specialises in cardio-oncology (relationship between cancer treatment and heart health), particularly in understanding and preventing damage to cardiac cells caused by chemotherapy, leads the cell biology aspects of the project, focusing on the cultivation of 3D cancer spheroid and organoid cultures.

According to her, the project focuses on creating 3D cell cultures, known as spheroids and organoids, that mimic human tissues more closely. These 3D models can improve the reliability of drug testing and reduce the need for animal experiments, aligning with the 3R principles: Reduction, Replacement, and Refinement.

Creating a versatile platform

“Traditional drug discovery and disease studies often rely on flat (2D) cell cultures and animal models. While animal models are essential for understanding disease and testing drug safety, they don't always predict how humans will respond, and their use raises ethical concerns.

“We aim to develop affordable and efficient 3D-printed mini bioreactors for growing these advanced cell cultures. These bioreactors will be designed to fit into existing cell culture labs, making them accessible to researchers. By leveraging the cutting-edge 3D printing technology at CUT's Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (CRPM), the team hopes to create a versatile platform for various research applications,” says Dr Lewies.

She is joined in this project by UFS colleagues; Zurika Murray, a behavioural geneticist, and her colleague from the Department of Genetics, Dr Marieka Gryzenhout, a C-rated scientist and Senior Lecturer. Dr Jaco Wentzel from FARMOVS. is also involved in the project. Dr Wentzel serves as the pharmaceutical industry partner and consultant for the project. With experience in cellular biology and pharmaceuticals, he ensures that the new 3D cell culture models meet industry standards and can be effectively used in drug development. Dr Wentzel’s role is crucial in bridging the gap between academic research and practical application in the pharmaceutical industry.

Goals

According to Dr Lewies, this project aims to create more accurate and ethical models for drug testing and improving the development of new treatments. By combining expertise from engineering, biology, and mycology, the team is set to revolutionise how diseases are studied, and medicines developed. Funded by the CUT and UFS Joint Research Programme, this initiative promises to foster innovation and lead to new research collaborations.

“Cardiac cell damage, known as cardiotoxicity, can lead to serious cardiovascular diseases and is a major reason why some drugs are removed from the market. By developing 3D cancer spheroids and cardiac organoids (mini heart models), my team aims to find ways to prevent this cardiotoxicity while enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs.

“Additionally, they are exploring the cardiotoxic effects of natural products, such as medicinal plants and mushrooms, which show potential for both anticancer and cardio-protective properties,” says Dr Lewies.

Experts

Murray is interested in how the psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin affect the brain with her research focusing on the epigenome of genes within the serotonin pathway, which could explain the therapeutic potential of these compounds. “As part of this project, Murray will work with the Frater Centre to develop neuronal organoids (mini brain models) using the 3D mini-bioreactor platform.

“This will allow her to investigate the effects of psilocybin and psilocin on brain function, which have shown promise in treating mental health disorders like depression and anxiety, aiming to understand how these substances might help treat mental health issues,” says Dr Lewies.

Dr Gryzenhout brings her expertise in mycology and is responsible for cultivating medicinal mushrooms used in the project. Dr Gryzenhout's research focuses on the genetic characterisation of medicinal mushrooms and evaluating their therapeutic potential. These mushrooms produce a variety of bioactive compounds with therapeutic benefits, including anticancer activities, heart protection, and immune system support.

Her team is also approved by the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) to research the controlled psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin.

Drug Discovery Goals

The project’s long-term focus is on potentially discovering new drugs to prevent and treat heart and brain diseases. Specifically, the team is working on developing therapies for cardio-oncology and neurological applications. In the realm of cardio-oncology, the goal is to find treatments that prevent cardiac cell damage and downstream cardiovascular diseases caused by cancer therapies, while still effectively targeting cancer cells. For neurological applications, the researchers are exploring the potential of drugs derived from medicinal mushrooms, including those with psychedelic properties, to treat conditions like depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders.

News Archive

UFS responds to concerns around high costs of higher education
2015-10-15

 

Dear Students

UFS responds to concerns around high costs of higher education

There is an understandable and shared concern among students in the country around the high costs of higher education. As you know, this also is a matter of deep concern on our campuses, which the University of the Free State (UFS) has made a priority in discussions with student leaders - and through new strategies to relieve the burden of costs on poor students and their families. In fact, in the past two weeks, the UFS leadership has again engaged students on the matter of fees in the future.

This is what we have done so far. We have maintained our position as one of the universities with the lowest tuition fees in the country. As you would have seen from recent newspaper reports on the cost of a degree at various institutions over the past five years, the UFS has had consistently low fees. This is not an accident; both the University Council and the executive leadership of the UFS is of one mind that we must offer a high quality education at minimum cost to all our students, despite the rising costs of operating a large multi-campus university with 30 000 students. Our commitment to you is to continue to keep those costs to students as low as possible, without compromising on the quality of education.

In addition, we took a decision earlier this year to become the first university to drop application fees for first-year students. We are proud of that achievement, since so many students fall at this first hurdle as they contemplate post-school education and training. We also waived registration fees for postgraduate students and now Research Master’s and PhD students can study tuition free under certain conditions. We raised more than R60 million from the private sector to enable talented students, who do not receive NSFAS funding, to complete their degree studies at the UFS. We set aside some of the university’s own funds to enable even more students to access finance for their studies. And we now have a special office set aside to counsel and assist students to apply for more than one scholarship to support their studies. The university does not follow a policy of maximizing exclusions. It has endeavoured and succeeded to turn around the majority of its potential deregistration cases. During 2015 we had 2 700 students at the risk of being de-registered, but our serious efforts resulted in only over 200 instances of exclusion we could not mitigate. As is the practice for the past few years, these students’ debt for 2015 has been reversed.

But, we do not only look for funds from outside to support our students. Last year we set up a Staff Fund to which ordinary members of the academic and support staff can contribute from their own, and sometimes very modest, salaries to enable Kovsie students to finish their degrees. We have volunteers who work on the No Student Hungry (NSH) Bursary Programme to raise funds for students who cannot afford a regular meal. We have an open line to rural and township schools to nominate poor students with good results for support by the Rector’s Fund, and some of those students are now in their final year of studies. And many of our staff support individual students in their homes and with their families, without being asked to do so. This is what we call the Human Project and it remains central to the way in which we deal with students.

We will of course continue to make representation to government, the private sector, and individuals to increase funding, especially for first-generation students, and for families where more than one student is at university. We will continue to take to the road to raise funds from companies and foundations to finance our students. We will expand on-campus opportunities for limited working hours for students who wish to earn some money to support their studies. As we have said often before, no student who passes all their courses or modules will be turned away simply because they do not have the funds to study.

The UFS discusses and agrees to fee increases with our students well in advance of the next academic year. None of these decisions are taken without the agreement of the student leadership and thus far these engagements, while tough, have always been done in good faith and with the students’ interests at heart.

It is important for you to know that, with the declining government subsidy, in real terms, and the expanding needs of our students, we will not be able to keep the university running without fees - even though this source of revenue comes mainly through scholarships and bursaries. We need to compensate staff, purchase new library books and renew journal subscriptions (which is very difficult given the low value of the Rand), upgrade computers and software, pay rates and taxes, purchase laboratory equipment, pay the water and electricity bills, expand internet services, upgrade campus security, and hire more academics to keep class sizes reasonably small. It is important for you to know that the university has managed to avoid increasing student fees as a result of much higher municipal rates. Our lecturers are not the highest paid in the country and financially we run a tight ship. We consistently achieve unqualified audits and we are known to be one of the universities that manage its NSFAS contributions with great efficiency. We do this because of our commitment to ensure that our students are able to enjoy a high quality of education on a stable campus where there is a deep respect for all campus citizens.

Despite all these efforts, the most important message we wish to communicate, is that the door remains open for continued discussion with student leaders as we continue to find ways of keeping university education open and accessible to all qualifying students. At the same time, the UFS leadership is involved in discussions with government about how to best manage the escalating cost of higher education for our dents.

Thank you for your support and understanding at this time and be assured, once again, of our commitment to students as a matter of priority to the university leadership.

Best regards

Prof Jonathan Jansen
Vice-Chancellor and Rector

University of the Free State
19 October 2015

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