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HSRC launches latest book on Quality of Life and Wellbeing at UFS

19 June 2024 | Story André Damons | Photo Suplied

Quality of Life and Wellbeing Book Launch 2024 — Prof Vasu Reddy, Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research and Internationalisation (second from the left), was the lead editor with Profs Narnia Bohler-Muller and Prof Zitha Mokomane (left). With them is Dr Derek Davids (right), research director in the HSRC's Developmental, Capable and Ethical State research division and an advisory member at the Department of Applied Legal Studies at Cape Peninsula University of Technology.

The Human Sciences Research Council Press (HSRC Press) launched its latest book in the flagship publication State of the Nation series, titled Quality of Life and Wellbeing at the University of the Free State (UFS).

The launch took place on Thursday, 13 June in the Equitas Auditorium on the Bloemfontein Campus. Prof Vasu Reddy, Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research and Internationalisation of the UFS, was the lead editor, with Profs Narnia Bohler-Muller, divisional executive in the HSRC’s Developmental, Capable and Ethical State research division; and acting Group Executive; Zitha Mokomane, a professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Pretoria; and Prof Crain Soudien, Chief Executive Officer of the HSRC. Prof Soudien was not at the launch.

The discussion was facilitated by Dr Molapo Qhobela, Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Institutional Change, Strategic Partnerships and Societal Impact.

Celebrating its 20th year of existence, the State of the Nation volume, one of the HSRC’s flagship publications, serves as an invaluable, independent scholarly resource offering insights into the current state of South Africa. The 2024 edition explores themes such as the environment, quality of life and wellbeing, an open economy, mental health, the arts, human security, gender and wellbeing, vaccinations, wellbeing and happiness, and inequality in South Africa.

The state in which the nation finds itself

In his welcome remarks, the Vice-Chancellor and Principal, Prof Francis Petersen, said two decades ago when the State of the Nation series began, South Africa was attempting to come to terms with the complex legacies of colonialism and apartheid and was contending with the post-apartheid reconstruction, development and reconciliation.

“I think there was a sense of optimism during that time for the future and a collective sense that the country’s challenges, however deep and multifaceted, those challenges were and are, could be overcome in time.

“Two decades later South Africa finds itself at a political watershed and having to deal with many of the same challenges as from 2004, such as economic inequality, social justice and effective government,” said Prof Petersen.

According to him, it is welcome to note that this volume brings to the fore new, fresh and relevant directions that address issues relating to quality of life and notions of wellbeing. Key questions that are inferred and that underpin much of the scholarship on offer, said Prof Petersen, is what is the state? Where is the state? Where does the state begin and where does it end?

“The editors offer compelling analyses that it is in the complex act of making lives of individuals acting in their own interest and the government articulating an agenda for the nation that we are able to discern the outlines of the state in which the nation finds itself.”

The scope and drivers

Prof Reddy, in his short introductory remarks, provided descriptive comments and focused on the background, the concept, the process, and some of the scope and drivers informing the text and context shaping the volume.

The latest book which took two-and-half years to produce, has two predecessor volumes published in the 2019 and 2021 respectively, with poverty and inequality and an ethics of care being a strong thematic.

“What is the importance of the scope of the volume and what makes the book unique. With this volume, thematising quality of life and wellbeing, we have seen some very interesting work being developed in the country. This particular volume is the first fully dedicated edition in the State of the Nation series dealing with this issue. We felt it was timely, we felt that this issue of Quality of Life and Wellbeing that were kind of completely interrelated,” said Prof Reddy.

According to him, some of the drivers that shaped this volume included the spectre of poverty and inequality which is an underlying implicit theme. Their implication for human wellbeing and human conditions in several different ways remains key.

Prof Reddy said the book is divided into four parts that deal with quality of life, politics and the state; economics; society, culture, identity and the public good; and looking at South Africa and beyond, including issues such as human security, gender and peace.

“The big issue with the volume’s theorical and conceptual framework is about building theory as well as much as it is also about dealing with the empirical and material realities facing citizens. The volume is predicated on quality of life and wellbeing, asking whether standards of living and styles of living lead us to a good life. And the questions we pose include: What is a good life? What are the attributes and elements of such a life? What are the conditions that need to be met to meaningfully improve quality of life and wellbeing?”

Environmental wellbeing

Talking about her chapter which addresses environmental and human health, Prof Narnia Bohler-Muller stated that the constitution was the starting point as what is embedded in the constitution is the recognition of the importance of wellbeing although the word is seldom used in the constitution.

“The first time ‘wellbeing’ is used is in Section 24 which deals with environmental rights. We thought this is a complex intersection – law, human rights, constitutionalism, health and wellbeing, and quality of life, so let’s explore it.

“We all know that the environment is extremely important. We cannot live without it. We are in a massive crisis in the world when it comes to the environment and climate change. There is an intersectionality between environment, climate, health, and wellbeing. Other issues also include clean water and the risk of extreme weather events as a result of climate change.”

Dissatisfied by the status quo in Soutth Africa

Prof Mokomane said two questions drove her co-authored chapter titled Quality of Life and political support in SA – resilient nation. The first question is: Do peoples’ perception of quality of governance influence their quality of life? And the second question was: Which aspects of government quality signify as important contributors to quality of life?

“This chapter reaffirms the notion that was held by many that the general public has become increasing dissatisfied by the status quo in South Africa over the past decade. We concluded that the political and economic crises of the past decade have perhaps begun to create a scenario in which personal fear is gaining traction over the hope that South Africans are known for.

“The overall conclusion is that for many South Africans resilience has been displaced by resignation which has introduced the risk of further disability and fragility in the country in the future.”

Profs Hussein Solomon from the Centre for Gender and African Studies and Philippe Burger, Dean of the Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, were respondents to the text.

News Archive

Inaugural lecture: Prof Robert Bragg, Dept. of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology

2006-05-17

Attending the inaugural lecture were in front from the left Prof Robert Bragg (lecturer at the Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology) and Frederick Fourie (Rector and Vice-Chancellor). At the back from the left were Prof James du Preez (Departmental Chairperson: Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology) and Prof Herman van Schalkwyk (Dean: Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences). Photo: Stephen Collett

A summary of an inaugural lecture delivered by Prof Robert Bragg at the University of the Free State:

CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS AVIAN DISEASES – LESSONS FOR MAN?

Prof Robert R Bragg
Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology
University of the Free State

“Many of the lessons learnt in disease control in poultry will have application on human medicine,” said Prof Robert Bragg, lecturer at the University of the Free State’s (UFS) Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology during his inaugural lecture.

Prof Bragg said the development of vaccines remains the main stay of disease control in humans as well as in avian species. Disease control can not rely on vaccination alone and other disease-control options must be examined.

“With the increasing problems of antibiotic resistance, the use of disinfection and bio security are becoming more important,” he said.

“Avian influenza (AI) is an example of a disease which can spread from birds to humans. Hopefully this virus will not develop human to human transmission,” said Prof Bragg.

According to Prof Bragg, South Africa is not on the migration route of water birds, which are the main transmitters of AI. “This makes South Africa one of the countries less likely to get the disease,” he said.

If the AI virus does develop human to human transmission, it could make the 1918 flu pandemic pale into insignificance. During the 1918 flu pandemic, the virus had a mortality rate of only 3%, yet more than 50 million people died.

Although the AI virus has not developed human-to-human transmission, all human cases have been related to direct contact with infected birds. The mortality rate in humans who have contracted this virus is 67%.

“Apart from the obvious fears for the human population, this virus is a very serious poultry pathogen and can cause 100% mortality in poultry populations. Poultry meat and egg production is the staple protein source in most countries around the world. The virus is currently devastating the poultry industry world-wide,” said Prof Bragg.

Prof Bragg’s research activities on avian diseases started off with the investigation of diseases in poultry. “The average life cycle of a broiler chicken is 42 days. After this short time, they are slaughtered. As a result of the short generation time in poultry, one can observe changes in microbial populations as a result of the use of vaccines, antibiotics and disinfectants,” said Prof Bragg.

“Much of my research effort has been directed towards the control of infectious coryza in layers, which is caused by the bacterium Avibacterium paragallinarum. This disease is a type of sinusitis in the layer chickens and can cause a drop in egg product of up to 40%,” said Prof Bragg.

The vaccines used around the world in an attempt to control this disease are all inactivated vaccines. One of the most important points is the selection of the correct strains of the bacterium to use in the vaccine.

Prof Bragg established that in South Africa, there are four different serovars of the bacterium and one of these, the serovar C-3 strain, was believed to be unique to Southern Africa. He also recently discovered this serovar for the first time in Israel, thus indicating that this serovar might have a wider distribution than originally believed.

Vaccines used in this country did not contain this serovar. Prof Bragg established that the long term use of vaccines not containing the local South African strain resulted in a shift in the population distribution of the pathogen.

Prof Bragg’s research activities also include disease control in parrots and pigeons. “One of the main research projects in my group is on the disease in parrots caused by the circovirus Beak and Feather Disease virus. This virus causes serious problems in the parrot breeding industry in this country. This virus is also threatening the highly endangered and endemic Cape Parrot,” said Prof Bragg.

Prof Bragg’s research group is currently working on the development of a DNA vaccine which will assist in the control of the disease, not only in the parrot breeding industry, but also to help the highly endangered Cape Parrot in its battle for survival.

“Not all of our research efforts are directed towards infectious coryza or the Beak and Feather Disease virus. One of my Masters students is currently investigating the cell receptors involved in the binding of Newcastle Disease virus to cancerous cells and normal cells of humans. This work will also eventually lead to a possible treatment of cancer in humans and will assist with the development of a recombinant vaccine for Newcastle disease virus,” said Prof Bragg.

We are also currently investigating an “unknown” virus which causes disease problems in poultry in the Western Cape,” said Prof Bragg.

“Although disinfection has been extensively used in the poultry industry, it has only been done at the pre-placement stage. In other words, disinfectants are used before the birds are placed into the house. Once the birds are placed, all use of disinfectants stops,” said Prof Bragg.

“Disinfection and bio security can be seen as the ‘Cinderella’ of disease control in poultry. This is also true for human medicine. One just has to look at the high numbers of people who die from hospital-acquired infections to realise that disinfection is not a concept which is really clear in human health care,” said Prof Bragg.

Much research has been done in the control of diseases through vaccination and through the use of antibiotics. “These pillars of disease control are, however, starting to crumble and more effort is needed on disinfection and bio security,” said Prof Bragg.

Prof Bragg has been working in close co-operation with a chemical manufacturing company in Stellenbosch to develop a unique disinfectant which his highly effective yet not toxic to the birds.

As a result of this unique product, he has developed the continual disinfection program for use in poultry. In this program the disinfectant is used throughout the production cycle of the birds. It is also used to ensure that there is excellent pre-placement disinfection.

“The program is extensively used for the control of infectious diseases in the parrot-breeding industry in South Africa and the product has been registered in 15 countries around the world with registration in the USA in the final process,” said Prof Bragg.

“Although the problem of plasmid mediated resistance to disinfectants is starting to rear its ugly head, this has allowed for the opening of a new research field which my group will hopefully exploit in the near future,” he said.

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