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22 April 2025 | Story André Damons | Photo Supplied
Dr Tafadzwa Maramura
Dr Tafadzwa Clementine Maramura is a Senior Lecturer and NRF-Rated Researcher in the Department of Public Administration and Management at the UFS.

With roughly half the world’s population experiencing severe water scarcity for at least part of the year, according to the UN World Water Development Report 2024, a researcher from the University of the Free State (UFS) seeks to understand how South Africa and the rest of the African continent can ensure that every person has access to water.

Besides Dr Tafadzwa Clementine Maramura, Senior Lecturer and NRF-Rated Researcher in the Department of Public Administration and Management at the UFS, research focusing on service delivery, especially delivery of water to the most vulnerable and poorest households, her work also focuses on the water-health nexus. In February she was appointed the Secretary for the Institutional Governance and Regulations Framework – a sub-specialist group for the International Water Association (IWA), becoming the first black African female to be appointed to this position.

According to statistics quoted by Greenpeace, 5.52 billion people out of a population of 7.78 billion in 186 countries face water insecurity, of which, 1.34 billion are Africans, accounting for more than 90% of the continent’s population. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2024: water for prosperity and peace; facts, figures, and action examples state that as of 2022, 2.2 billion people were without access to safely managed drinking water.

 

Research focus

With this, and with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – especially Goal 6 (clean water and sanitation) – in mind, Dr Maramura seeks to understand how South Africa and the rest of Africa can ensure that everyone gets access to this particular resource. “My research focuses on water governance and sustainable service delivery, public policies, and the green economy in the African, as well as the South African, context. What I found is interesting and really saddening at the same time. When you break it down, you realise that one in every three people in Africa don’t have access to potable water.

“Water is a basic human right, you can survive without electricity and other luxuries, but not without water. Each time you brush your teeth or flush your toilet with at least 15 litres of clean water or you are watering your garden with clean water, there are people that actually don’t have access to basic drinking water,” says Dr Maramura.

She is also investigating what the government is doing to ensure it delivers on this service it is mandated to, as South Africa has all the policies in place, and the best constitution in the world, but still the poor and most vulnerable communities do not have water.

“Access to clean water is not just a basic need; it is a matter of dignity, equality, and survival. As a young African woman, through my research, I see first-hand how the burden of water scarcity falls disproportionately on women and girls, robbing us as women, of education, economic opportunities, and health.

“But we are not just victims – we are leaders in this fight. By empowering women and investing in sustainable water solutions, we can transform our communities and break the cycle of poverty. The time for action is now because water is life, and every African deserves it.”

 

The water-health nexus

Dr Maramura has book chapters coming out in June this year that focus on the water-health nexus in failed states, thereby merging SDG 3 and 6 on health and water respectively. Water plays an indispensable role in the world as it is important for accomplishing several other SDGs, such as zero hunger, poverty eradication, good health and well-being, and affordable and clean energy. It all depends on the achievement of goal 6.

Says Dr Maramura: “You cannot solve problems in isolation; you cannot look at the water problem in isolation. If you have a water problem, you have a health and education problem because kids can’t go to school if there is no water. Hospitals can’t function when there is no water.

“SDG 3 speaks to health and SDG 6 speaks to water and that is where the nexus is, nexus meaning connection between water and health. How can we ensure that we merge the two together and ensure researchers working on health and water can find common ground to address any challenges arising from the lack of water so that we don’t have these health issues?”

South Africa is an upper-middle-income country but still struggles to deliver potable water to everyone and many communities in the country still rely on ventilated pit latrines due to limited access to modern sanitation facilities. With the deadline for achieving the 17 SDGs only five years away, South Africa is at risk of failing to achieve the SDGs.

 

Solving the water problems

According to Dr Maramura, there is no magic wand that can be used to solve all the country's water problems, but a collaborative and comprehensive effort is needed. “There is work that needs to be done. The government, private sector, the communities, as well as other role players need to work together. South Africa is a water-stressed country with rainfall below the global average. We realised that we have scarce groundwater resources.

“The community needs to understand, participate, and be aware of how much damage we can do by just drilling boreholes and digging wells. The private sector needs to know what it is that they can do to ensure that they also play a part through their corporate social responsibility and philanthropic dimensions in assisting the community.”

From the government side, she says, the policies are there so the government needs to consult with the communities, the private sector, and all other relevant stakeholders. They need to involve affected communities and after consultations, they need to engage these communities because they understand their problem best.

News Archive

Kesa, UFS cross-country teams shine at USSA
2016-10-24

Description: ’Manapo UFS cross-country    Tags: UFS cross-country

The Kovsies 8 km women’s team
was crowned as champions at
the USSA cross-country meeting
in Richards Bay. From the left are
Marne Mentz, Lizandre Mulder,
and Kesa Molotsane.
Photo: Sarina Cronje

The University of the Free State (UFS) not only boasts a South African women’s cross-country champion, one of its women’s teams is also the best university team in the country.
The Kovsies 8 km women’s team was crowned the winners at the University Sports SA cross-country event in Richards Bay, while the 10 km men’s team finished second.

Kovsies men take second place

The women’s team consisted of Kesa Molotsane, Marne Mentz, and Lizandre Mulder. They respectively came in first, third and fifth at the USSA meeting held at the University of Zululand on 30 September and 1 October 2016. In the women’s competition, the times of the first three competitors are used to determine the team placements.

The UFS 4 km women’s team finished in 5th place.

The successful UFS 10 km men’s team consisted of four members from the Qwaqwa Campus – Lesedi Radebe (4th), Lebohang Miya (8th), Moorosi Semase (10th), and Lindobuhle Miya (11th). In the men’s competition, the times of the first four men in each team are taken into account.

The Kovsies 4 km men’s team finished sixth.

Molotsane’s dream year continues

Molotsane, assistant officer at KovsieSport, is experiencing a dream year. On 10 September 2016 she was crowned as national cross-country champion over 10 km when she represented the Free State in George. Mentz was third in George over 4 km.

Molotsane improved her own record in the 3 000 m at the Clover athletics meeting in Bloemfontein on 15 October 2016. Her time of 09:51.03 was much better than her previous record time of 10:03.97.

In the USSA road relay in Richards Bay on 1 October 2016, the Kovsies women’s team finished third in the 3 x 2 km relay. The men came fifth in the 4 x 4 km relay.

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