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02 June 2025 | Story Leonie Bolleurs | Photo Supplied
Dr Lucia Meko
Dr Lucia Meko believes that face-to-face engagement helps students become more empathetic, culturally aware health professionals.

In South Africa, the streets often tell stories of contrasts where wealth and poverty, tradition and modernity, and diverse cultures meet at the same intersection. It is a place where neighbours may speak different languages, worship in different ways, and sit down to very different meals. These everyday differences do not just influence how people live – they shape what ends up on their plates.

According to Dr Lucia Meko, Senior Lecturer and Head of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at the University of the Free State (UFS), dietitians play an important role in such a diverse landscape. “Their mission is to empower individuals and communities to make informed, healthy food choices that support long-term well-being. According to the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), dietitians are trained to provide personalised nutrition counselling aimed at preventing and managing diet-related diseases,” she says.

“This means that whether someone is dealing with diabetes, high blood pressure, or simply trying to improve their eating habits, a dietitian can offer guidance tailored to their unique needs and circumstances.”

However, Dr Meko believes that while theory is important, many students only truly understand the reality of their future clients when they experience it first-hand. At the UFS, students do not have to wait until the end of their degrees to gain this insight. Community service learning begins in their very first year.

This approach immerses students in the communities they will eventually serve, offering a practical education that goes beyond textbooks. By working directly with communities, students gain a deeper appreciation of the challenges individuals face in making healthy food choices,” she says.

“These experiences help shape well-rounded professionals who are not only knowledgeable but also empathetic and culturally aware,” adds Dr Meko.

Unlike traditional volunteering, this is structured learning with clear outcomes. Students apply classroom theory to real-world issues while simultaneously giving back. Through this process, students develop critical thinking, cultural competence, and the ability to communicate health information in ways that are relevant and respectful,” she explains.

 

What really happens on the ground

To understand what this looks like in practice, Dr Meko points to a research study conducted by the department. It examines the experiences of fourth-year students during a Community Nutrition Module internship. This internship is one of eight work-integrated learning (WIL) components in the module.

In this particular placement, students work in Ward 51 in Mangaung, visiting homes and engaging directly with residents. During each visit, they profile the community member’s demographics, measure nutritional status (using weight and height), and assess dietary patterns. Afterward, they offer tailored dietary counselling.

Beyond individual visits, students also explore the broader food environment: visiting supermarkets, vegetable gardens, early childhood centres, and street vendors all form part of their learning.

Importantly, this programme is not one-sided. Feedback from both students and community members is gathered to improve the experience and assess its impact.

So far, early findings are promising. Students not only learned; they were transformed. Interestingly, students mostly showed appreciation for their own privileges in comparison to the disadvantaged communities they visited,” says Dr Meko. One student reflected: “It humbled me and made me very grateful for all that I have, because I think we really lose sight of that sometimes.”

After a township tour, another student admitted: This was very insightful, as we often have stereotypes about the way people live and what people eat, simply because of where they live.”

In a cooking activity, students were challenged to apply dietary guidelines in real kitchens. The outcome? A deeper understanding of the barriers faced by many. “Dietetic guidelines we have given to some patients were really put into perspective, as cooking with less salt is not as easy as we think,” says Dr Meko, quoting student feedback.

Some even used what they learned in other placements. One student took a simple grocery list she developed during her internship to the hospital setting: “It is the most practical way to influence someone to shop differently.”

Others were inspired to continue working in food access. “I was impressed with the size of the vegetable gardens and was also inspired to be part of projects like these in the future,” shared another student.

Perhaps one of the most powerful observations came from a student who said: “I feel empowered but also sad to see that this is how most of the country is living and that we can make a difference, no matter how small.”

 

A lasting impact for both student and community

For Dr Meko, this is exactly what service learning should achieve. “While lectures and textbooks can teach the theory behind intercultural competence, it’s the face-to-face interactions – listening to people’s stories, understanding their struggles, and working alongside them – that truly bring those lessons to life.”

She adds that this kind of learning also builds stronger, more respectful relationships between the university and the communities it serves. “It fosters partnerships built on mutual respect, shared goals, and the exchange of knowledge and resources – locally and beyond.”

Community service learning is not just a tick-box exercise. In the UFS Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, it is a meaningful bridge between knowledge and empathy, between theory and reality, and – most importantly – between future dietitians and the people whose lives they hope to improve.

News Archive

Institutional research culture a precondition for research capacity building and excellence
2004-11-16

A lecture presented by Dr. Andrew M. Kaniki at the University of the Free State Recognition Function for research excellence

16 November 2004
The Vice Chancellor, Prof. Frederick Fourie
Deputy Vice Chancellors, Deans
Awardees
Colleagues and ladies and gentlemen

It is a great pleasure to be here at the University of the Free State. I am particularly honoured to have been invited to present this lecture at the First Annual Recognition Function for Research Excellence to honour researchers who have excelled in their respective fields of expertise. I would like to sincerely thank the office of the Director of Research and Development (Professor Swanepol), and in particular Mr. Aldo Stroebel for facilitating the invitation to this celebration.

I would like to congratulate you (the UFS) for institutionalizing “celebration of research excellence”, which as I will argue in this lecture is one of the key characteristics of institutional research culture that supports research capacity building and sustains research excellence.

Allow me to also take this opportunity to congratulate the University of the Free State for clocking 100 years of existence.

Ahmed Bawa and Johan Mouton (2000) in their chapter entitled Research, in the book: Transformation in higher education: global pressures and local realities in South Africa (ed. N. Cloete et. al Pretoria: CHET. 296-333) have argued that “…the sources of productivity and competitiveness [in the knowledge society and global economy] are increasingly dependent on [quality] knowledge and information being applied to productivity”. The quality knowledge they refer to here is research output or research products and the research process, which (research) as defined by the [OECD] Frascati Manual (2002: 30) is:

“…creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications”

The South African Government has set itself the objective of transforming South Africa into a knowledge society that competes effectively in the global system. A knowledge society requires appropriate numbers of educated and skilled people to create quality new knowledge and to translate the knowledge in innovative ways. To this end a number of policies and strategies like the Human Resource Development [HRD] Strategy for South Africa, the National Plan for Higher Education (NPHE) and the South Africa’s Research and Development [R&D] Strategy, have highlighted human resource development and the concomitant scarce skills development as critical for wealth creation in the context of globalization. The key mission of the HRD Strategy for instance is:

To maximize the potential of the people of South Africa, through the acquisition of knowledge and skills, to work productively and competitively in order to achieve a rising quality of life for all, and to set in place an operational plan, together with the necessary institutional arrangements, to achieve this.

The R&D Strategy emphasizes that maximum effort must be exerted to train the necessary numbers of our people in all fields required for development, running and management of modern economies. Higher education institutions like the University of the Free State have a key role to play in this process, because whatever form or shape a university takes, it is expected to conduct research (quality research); teach (quality teaching – and good graduates); and contribute to the development of its community! Thus the NPHE states that the role of higher education in a knowledge-driven world is threefold:

Human resource development;

High-level skills training and

Production, acquisition and application of knowledge.

Quality research output or knowledge which as argued is critical in determining the degree of competitiveness of a country in the knowledge economy is dependent upon quality research (process). Both the process of producing quality research and its utilization cannot and does not happen in a vacuum. It requires an environment that facilitates the production of new knowledge, its utilization and renewal. It requires skilled persons that can produce new knowledge and facilitate the production of new skills for quality knowledge production. Such an environment or in essence a university must have the culture that supports research activity. Institution research culture (that is a conducive and enabling institutional research culture) is a precondition to research capacity building. Without an institutional research culture that facilitates the development and nurturing of new young researchers it is difficult, if not impossible for a university to effectively and efficiently generate new and more quality researchers. Institutional research culture is also necessary to sustain quality research and quality research output or research excellence. It facilitates the development and sustenance of the institutional and people capacities required to do research produce quality research and generally attain research excellence!

We do recognize that the patterns of information and knowledge seeking, and knowledge generation vary among field or disciplines. For example, we know that in the humanities knowledge workers often work individually, and not as collaboratively as do those of the sciences, they all however, require supportive environments – institutional research culture to achieve and sustain research excellence. An institution does not simply attain a supportive research culture, but as Patricia Clements (English Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton) in her presentation Growing a research culture argues, research culture has to be grown [and maintained]. It unifies all natural and engineering scientists; medical researchers, humanists, and social scientists.

I therefore am of the view that Institutional Research Culture is critical to research capacity building and research excellence. I therefore want to spend a few minutes looking at the characteristics of research culture. To be effective, institutional research culture has grown and sustained not only at the institutional level, but also at the faculty, school and departmental levels of any university.

What is Research Culture?

In the process of researching on institutional research culture I identified several characteristics. Many of these overlap in some way. I want to deal with some of these characteristics; some in a little more detail while others simply cursorily. In the process what we should be asking ourselves is the extent to which an institution, like the University of the Free State, and its faculties, individually and severally, is growing and or sustaining this culture.

Institutional Research Strategy: As a plan of action or guide for a course of action, the institutional research strategy must spell out research goals that a university wants to achieve. It must be a prescription of what the university needs to be done with respect to research. As a strategy it is neither an independent activity nor an end in itself, but a component part and operationalization of the university policy or mission. ( Related to this is the Establishment of Institutional research policies)

Includes and makes public the targets, e.g. achieve so many rated scientists and make sure that every year we have so many SAPSE publications. That way people keep an eye on research agendas of the university and nation.

The UFS is obviously on its way, having launched its own Research strategy (A Strategic framework for the development of research at the University of the Free Sate. August 2003). Note that this strategy refers specifically to the “Culture of research” Fig 1

A set of administrative practices to support and encourage research. Patricia Clements (English Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton) in her presentation Growing a research culture argues that that research activity and output within the her Faculty (Arts) were very low and, in spite of the numbers of staff, with no Associate Dean for Research in the Faculty as though they had accepted that research belonged to Medicine and Science and Engineering, and teaching, separated from inquiry, belonged to the Arts. With the change in the thinking about research and development of research culture, it became clear that there was a major role for research support in a faculty her size (now about 360 full time continuing academic staff). The faculty developed a support system for research and began to address the SSHRC issues.

Reduce the bureaucracy system and micromanagement of research! This however, also implies that there is capacity and policies and procedure to manage and guide research processes

Establishment of Intellectual Property regulations and assistance

Research ethics policy and safeguarding by research administration

Focused, applied and suitable nature of the delivery mode (an institution open to new methodologies for conducting research

Programmes suited both full and part-time study particularly at graduate level (Mainly at Faculty/school and department level, and depending on what’s manageable)

Hiring senior academics to engage in, teach on and supervise postgraduate students to facilitate exchange of and transfer ideas and most importantly mentorship especially in view of declining numbers of researchers in particular fields

Quality instruction and facilitation in learning about research processes

A high retention rate of students maintained by the supportive and challenging learning environment and the use of online facilities to support collaboration and in-class learning

Availability of research grants: and awareness of sourcing funds from external sources like the National Research Foundation; Water Research Commission; Medical Research Council, private philanthropies and others outside the country. For example an institution should be able to assess how much of the slice the available funds (NRF etc) its able acquire and possibly top slice from institutional budget.

Adequacy of the financial reward system to encourage university staff members to do research (General Celebration of achievement for research excellence and achievement. This ranges form Annual reports mention; celebratory dinner. At Alberta researchers were given lapels. I don’t know of any academic who do not feel a sense of achievement to get into print or recognised. Access to research facilities within and outside the institution

Provision of infrastructure to support university-based research (e.g. equipment, admin support, etc.) – but also awareness of publicly funded and available research facilities and equipment!

Internet connectivity and changes in the bandwidth of the internet to download articles

Subscription to related bodies by the library so that researcher can download articles

Facilities and resources to attend international conferences to keep one updated

Number of visiting professors/speakers targeting senior scholars and invite them to lunch to ask them to participate and to encourage their best graduate students to do so within the institution and across institutions

Research training seminars for research students including young academics

Participation of staff/students in delivering research papers to national and international conferences

Establishment of research groups to provide interaction frameworks to achieve critical mass of research-active staff

Facilitation for more research time: Targeting new scholars and giving them reduced teaching loads in their first year or two for the purpose of developing their research programs. For the purpose of helping new colleagues to see the shape of South African research support, personalizing it, and creating research community

Take research to the community and argue its necessity, and utility

And, finally celebrating excellence. We must recognize achievement - parties and public recognition for colleagues who achieve splendid things in their research.

In conclusion, I want to reemphasize that research culture has to be grown it does not simply exist in an institution. If it is grown it needs to be nourished, nurtured and sustained. An institution cannot simply leave on borrowed reputation and expect to remain research excellent. It is on this basis that instruments like the National Research Foundation rating system recognizes excellence within a given period of time and not necessarily for a life time! This it is believed encourages continued research excellence.

THANK YOU and best wishes

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