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Educating communities on burn injuries during winter months

08 May 2025 | Story André Damons | Photo Supplied

Nosicelo Madushana, a third-year medical student at the UFS, was four years old when she sustained third-degree burn wounds on 70% of her body.

With winter fast approaching, healthcare professionals in the Free State are gearing up for an increase in burn injuries during these cold months. Many of these injuries are preventable, and doctors and medical staff believe educating communities about common preventive practices can help keep them safe.

Dr Hilge du Preez, Paediatric Surgeon from the University of the Free State (UFS), says they observe an increase in burn injuries, which can be devastating, causing serious bodily harm, long-term disability, and even death, during the winter months.

“As healthcare professionals, we do all we can to help burn injury patients recover and regain their health and activity. However, as with many other conditions, the best treatment for a burn injury is prevention. Thermal burns are the most common type of burn we see. These are caused by contact with hot substances or fluids, such as flames or boiling water. Children and adults sustain burn injuries in different ways.

“While children can suffer burns from flames, they are more likely to burn themselves by spilling hot liquids or food. We also see cases where children accidentally fall into a tub of hot water that is being prepared for a bath,” says Dr Du Preez.

According to Dr Du Preez, when cooking, it is safer to have pot and pan handles turned inward, rather than outward where children can reach them. Kettle cords and tablecloths should be tucked in and kept out of reach to prevent children from pulling them and spilling hot substances.

A turning point

Nosicelo Madushana, a third-year medical student at the UFS, was four years old when she sustained third degree burn wounds on 70% of her body after a large pot of boiling water, fell on her. However, she would only later really understand the impact of this accident on her life.

“It wasn’t until I was in Grade 3 that I began to understand that I was perceived as different. During an Eskom educational session on the dangers of electricity, the presenter used the analogy of turning into a "chicken roast" when tampering with electric circuits. In that moment, a number of my peers turned, pointed, and laughed, likening me to the example given.

“That experience marked a turning point in my self-awareness and emotional resilience. It shaped me profoundly. I became emotionally guarded, not violent, but verbally defensive. I often felt I had to exist in survival mode rather than being allowed to simply be myself,” Nosicelo recalls.

As a result of these experiences, she explains, she developed a deep-seated need to constantly prove that she belonged in every space she entered. She wanted to ensure that any opportunity or recognition she received was based solely on merit and not influenced by perceptions of her physical appearance or sympathy for her circumstances. It became an unhealthy cycle of overcompensation and striving to validate her presence.

This is demonstrated in her academic achievements as she first did a Bachelor of Sciences in Medical Bioscience degree, followed by a postgraduate diploma in Augment and Virtual Reality (Comp Science) (both at University of the Western Cape). She followed this up with an Honours degree in Anatomical Pathology at Sefako Makgathu Health Sciences University.

Apply correct first aid treatment immediately

Dr Du Preez says they also recommend that children should never be left unsupervised around hot substances, whether food or fire. When running a bath for a child, add cold water to the tub first, then hot water to reach the desired temperature. This is safer because, if a child falls into the tub, they will only encounter cold water rather than hot, which could prevent a severe, potentially life-threatening injury.

Adults, on the other hand, explains Dr Du Preez, typically sustain severe burns due to flames, which may result from house fires or accidents involving fire. Paraffin stoves are responsible for a significant number of house fires in South Africa, and healthcare professionals strongly advise against their use.

In the era of load-shedding, people need to be mindful of safe practices when using candles, says Dr Du Preez. Candles should never be left unattended and should always be placed in a container that covers the flame. This helps prevent the risk of a candle setting a room on fire if it falls over.

“If someone suffers a burn injury, correct first aid treatment should be applied immediately. Remove any clothing and jewellery from the affected area, and ensure any burning debris is removed. Cool the burn by running it under lukewarm tap water for 10-15 minutes. Cover the wound with a clean, damp cloth and seek medical attention. Do not apply “home remedies” such as toothpaste, raw egg, or shoe polish, as these can impair healing and increase the risk of infection and scarring.

“In the event of a fire, remember to ‘stop, drop, and roll’ to extinguish any flames. Remove burning clothes and debris, cover the person with a clean towel, and seek urgent medical care.”

Being burned victim is her normal

Nosicelo, whose passion lies in research and the fight against cancer, being a burn victim is her normal. She has no memory or photographic evidence of herself without burns. “What I dislike the most is the empathetic gaze, the unsolicited pity, the assumption that I am a victim in constant need of help. I am not a tragic story. I am a woman who is brave, resilient, beautiful, and forging her own path.

“My life is not defined by the incident, but by the choices I make and the legacy I intend to leave. I am a three-time graduate, and I will not stop until I attain the prestigious FCPath(SA) qualification (the Fellowship of the College of Pathologists of South Africa, a recognised postgraduate qualification in pathology for medical practitioners in South Africa.) My journey is one of strength, not sorrow. I am committed to being a part of the global effort to eliminate this disease. Until that day comes, I dedicate myself to being a voice for cancer education, prevention, and early detection, empowering individuals with knowledge that can save lives.”

News Archive

Teachers should deal with diversity in education - Prof. Francis

2010-10-08

At the occasion were, from the left: Prof. Jonathan Jansen, Rector and Vice-Chancellor of the University of the Free State (UFS); Prof. Francis; and Prof. Driekie Hay, Vice-Rector: Teaching and Learning at the UFS.
Photo: Jaco van der Merwe

Prof. Dennis Francis, the Dean of the Faculty of Education at the University of the Free State (UFS), recently delivered his inaugural lecture on Troubling Diversity in South African Education on the Main Campus in Bloemfontein.

He urged teachers to be open to what “diversity” might mean in a particular context and how diversity relates to either inclusion or exclusion.

“An approach that promotes the inclusion of all must be based on an understanding of how exclusion operates in ways that may have typical patterns of oppression, but differ in the specific ways that exclusion is expressed and becomes normalised in that context,” he said.

“The good teacher thus seeks to understand how these forms of exclusion may develop in the school’s context and respond through taking thoughtful action to challenge them. It may require creating a climate that enables the silent to speak and recognising that not all groups communicate in exactly the same ways.”

He said teachers also had to affirm the experiential base of learners and students. He said there was an assumption that students would be more effective practitioners if their own experience were validated and explored.

“It is crucial that the students’ own history is treated as valuable and is a critical part of the data that are reflected,” he said. “Equally important is that such stories and similar activities are intentionally processed to enable students to make the connections between personal experience and relevant theory.”

He also urged them to challenge the ways in which knowledge had been framed through oppression.

“Schools are often characterised by messages that draw on one or another form of oppression. Thus, expectations are subtly or in some cases unsubtly communicated, e.g. that girls are not good at physics, or that, while white learners are strong in abstract thought, African learners have untapped creativity, and so on,” he continued.

“For someone to integrate into their role as educators a commitment against oppression means confronting obstacles that one may previously have shied away from, such as challenging authority, naming privilege, emphasising the power relations that exist between social groups, listening to people one has previously ignored, and risking being seen as deviant, troublesome or unpopular.”

Furthermore, Prof. Francis said dealing with diversity in education was always affectively loaded for both students and teachers. He said in South Africa one injunction from educators was to be “sensitive” and thus avoid risking engagement with the contentious issues around imbalances of power.

“If both students and teachers are to confront issues of oppression and power in any meaningful way, we need to design more purposely for the difficulties they will encounter, for example, creating a classroom environment that promotes safety and trust so that all students are able to confront and deal with prejudice and discrimination. Classroom environments will need to balance the affective and cognitive in addressing issues of diversity and social justice,” he added.

He also said that teachers should recognise the need to complement changing attitudes with attempts to change the structural aspects of oppressions.

“To prevent superficial commitments to change, it is important for students to explore barriers that prevent them from confronting oppressive attitudes and behaviours. In this way students are able to learn and see the structural aspects of oppression,” he said.

“Equally important, however, is to get students to examine the benefits associated with challenging oppression. A fair amount of time must therefore be spent on developing strategies with students which they will be able to use practically in challenging oppression.”

He also advised educators to affirm the capacity of staff and learners to act and learn in ways that do not replicate patterns of oppression.

“Many South African schools have survived both the harsh repression of apartheid and the continuing legacy of oppression of various kinds. Despite that, we are often as educators made aware of the ways in which young people in particular affirm themselves and each other in creative and confident ways,” he concluded.

Media Release
Issued by: Lacea Loader
Director: Strategic Communication (acg)
Tel: 051 401 2584
Cell: 083 645 2454
E-mail: loaderl@ufs.ac.za
7 October 2010

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