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Home-based programme empowering parents of children with Down syndrome

20 October 2025 | Story Andre Damons | Photo Supplied

As South Africa marks Down Syndrome Awareness Day on 20 October, it is worth pausing to celebrate the incredible children who light up our lives and the parents who walk this journey with them. Down Syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder, causing intellectual disability.

According to Down Syndrome South Africa, one in every 600 babies born in developing countries has Down syndrome. Data on the prevalence in South Africa remain limited, however, earlier estimates suggest about one in every 770 births. Although Down syndrome is not curable, children with the condition have many abilities and strengths. It is, therefore, vital that families engage in interventions that help children reach their full developmental potential.

Dr Olive Khaliq, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health at the University of the Free State (UFS), says most interventions rightly focus on the child, but there is growing recognition that parents are just as central to their children's progress. The home is the first and most consistent environment where development occurs. Parenting a child with Down syndrome can, however, be influenced by the social context.

Empowering programme

“In South Africa, cultural beliefs and community attitudes often shape how families cope and seek support. Some parents fear disclosing the child's disability due to fear of being judged or the long-standing myth that Down syndrome is a curse or a punishment.

“This can lead to isolation or delays in accessing interventions that could make a difference. Empowering parents with knowledge and practical tools are therefore essential, not only for their children's development, but also for their own well-being,” she says.

A remarkable example of such empowerment is the Developmental Resource Stimulation Programme (DRSP), a home-based programme designed by Dr Dorothy Russell from the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health. The DRSP, designed for children with Down syndrome from birth to 42 months, combines structured play and guided parent-child interaction, helping parents to stimulate their child's cognitive, fine-motor, gross motor, and language development using everyday household items such as teaspoons, tumblers, and face cloths. Previous quantitative research shows that children whose parents participated in the programme made measurable developmental gains.

Feedback from parents

In 2024, Drs Khaliq and Russell, together with Prof Gladys Kigozi-Male, Associate Professor in the UFS Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, received an interdisciplinary grant from the UFS to explore the experiences of parents regarding the DRSP. They engaged 31 parents of children with Down syndrome in individual interviews and focus group discussions. According to Kigozi-Male, findings revealed overwhelmingly positive experiences. Parents reported feeling more capable and more connected with their children. “One parent shared: ‘It [the DRSP] helped me to become closer to her, and to know her better, and to know what she’s capable of … my child can do anything that we wanted her to do … she’s capable of everything, and that if we follow this programme, she [will] become very strong and capable,” said Prof Kigozi-Male.

Another parent reflected on the knowledge gained: “… the knowledge that I didn’t have before … as a mother of a Down syndrome baby – but for any mother … I have learned so much, and it is what any mother should know …” Parents also noted visible improvements in their children’s development, particularly in muscle strength, crawling and walking with one parent explaining “It really changed a lot … my child's neck was not okay, so the programme taught us how to train the neck muscle. Even when they started walking or crawling, it really helped a lot …”

Another parent highlighted how the programme strengthened their confidence as caregivers saying “… I don't think we would have come this far without the programme because it helped us understand my child … Without the programme I don't think he would have been so strong because we wouldn't have known how to help him ...”

The DRSP, explains Dr Russell, is just one example of what can happen when parents are treated as active partners rather than passive recipients of care. Going forward, it is important that parents' voices continue to shape how interventions are designed and delivered. Their lived experiences are powerful sources of knowledge on what works in real settings.

“As we commemorate Down Syndrome Awareness Day, let's remember that inclusion begins with understanding, and understanding grows when we listen to families, parents, and children who remind us that every life matters,” concluded Dr Khaliq.

News Archive

Contemporary Modes of Othering at UFS this May

2015-05-18

The Centre for Africa Studies at the UFS is hosting an interdisciplinary project on the Bloemfontein Campus from 20-22 May 2015.

The project, entitled Contemporary Modes of Othering: Its Perpetuation and Resistance, will look at different perspectives, representations, and art forms of otherness, how it is perceived, and how it is resisted.

The programme, which will run over three days, is as follows:

Wednesday 20 May at 19:00

Official Opening of Exhibition: ‘Representations of Otherness and Resistance’
Johannes Stegmann Art Gallery, Sasol Library
Opening: Prof Lucius Botes
Speaker: Ms Annali Dempsey, Curator UJ Art Gallery
Exhibition will run from 21 May to 19 June 2015

Thursday 21 May

10:00-11:00
Critical Dialogue: ‘Representations of Otherness and Resistance’
Johannes Stegmann Art Gallery (Facilitator: Prof. Gobodo-Madikizela)

11:30-13:00
Roundtable: ‘Music, Resistance, and the Residue of Race’
Odeion School of Music, Odeion Room 6

14:00-15:00
Seminar: ‘Reading the Past across Generations through the Image of the Hector Pieterson Iconic Photograph: Shaping of a New Consciousness’
Prof Gobodo-Madikizela, FGG 201

16:00-17:00
Seminar: Living Motswako, Centre for Africa Studies
President Steyn Annex Building, Committee Room (ground floor)

18:00-20:00
Africa Day Memorial Lecture ‘Youth Protests and Political Change in Africa’
Prof Alcinda Honwana, CR Swart Auditorium

Friday 22 May

10:00-11:00
Seminar: ‘Collectively Born (Un)free’, Prof. Steyn Kotze, FGG 201

11:00-11:30
Tea/Coffee Break, Scaena Foyer

11:30-12:30
Visual Presentation: ‘Linguistic Tokenism and Branding through Art in SA Advertising’
Prof Van Niekerk & Dr Conradie, Scaena Foyer

12:30-13:30
Performance: ‘Playland’
Scaena Teatre (Facilitator: Mr Willem Ellis)

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