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Home-based programme empowering parents of children with Down syndrome

20 October 2025 | Story Andre Damons | Photo Supplied

As South Africa marks Down Syndrome Awareness Day on 20 October, it is worth pausing to celebrate the incredible children who light up our lives and the parents who walk this journey with them. Down Syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder, causing intellectual disability.

According to Down Syndrome South Africa, one in every 600 babies born in developing countries has Down syndrome. Data on the prevalence in South Africa remain limited, however, earlier estimates suggest about one in every 770 births. Although Down syndrome is not curable, children with the condition have many abilities and strengths. It is, therefore, vital that families engage in interventions that help children reach their full developmental potential.

Dr Olive Khaliq, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health at the University of the Free State (UFS), says most interventions rightly focus on the child, but there is growing recognition that parents are just as central to their children's progress. The home is the first and most consistent environment where development occurs. Parenting a child with Down syndrome can, however, be influenced by the social context.

Empowering programme

“In South Africa, cultural beliefs and community attitudes often shape how families cope and seek support. Some parents fear disclosing the child's disability due to fear of being judged or the long-standing myth that Down syndrome is a curse or a punishment.

“This can lead to isolation or delays in accessing interventions that could make a difference. Empowering parents with knowledge and practical tools are therefore essential, not only for their children's development, but also for their own well-being,” she says.

A remarkable example of such empowerment is the Developmental Resource Stimulation Programme (DRSP), a home-based programme designed by Dr Dorothy Russell from the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health. The DRSP, designed for children with Down syndrome from birth to 42 months, combines structured play and guided parent-child interaction, helping parents to stimulate their child's cognitive, fine-motor, gross motor, and language development using everyday household items such as teaspoons, tumblers, and face cloths. Previous quantitative research shows that children whose parents participated in the programme made measurable developmental gains.

Feedback from parents

In 2024, Drs Khaliq and Russell, together with Prof Gladys Kigozi-Male, Associate Professor in the UFS Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, received an interdisciplinary grant from the UFS to explore the experiences of parents regarding the DRSP. They engaged 31 parents of children with Down syndrome in individual interviews and focus group discussions. According to Kigozi-Male, findings revealed overwhelmingly positive experiences. Parents reported feeling more capable and more connected with their children. “One parent shared: ‘It [the DRSP] helped me to become closer to her, and to know her better, and to know what she’s capable of … my child can do anything that we wanted her to do … she’s capable of everything, and that if we follow this programme, she [will] become very strong and capable,” said Prof Kigozi-Male.

Another parent reflected on the knowledge gained: “… the knowledge that I didn’t have before … as a mother of a Down syndrome baby – but for any mother … I have learned so much, and it is what any mother should know …” Parents also noted visible improvements in their children’s development, particularly in muscle strength, crawling and walking with one parent explaining “It really changed a lot … my child's neck was not okay, so the programme taught us how to train the neck muscle. Even when they started walking or crawling, it really helped a lot …”

Another parent highlighted how the programme strengthened their confidence as caregivers saying “… I don't think we would have come this far without the programme because it helped us understand my child … Without the programme I don't think he would have been so strong because we wouldn't have known how to help him ...”

The DRSP, explains Dr Russell, is just one example of what can happen when parents are treated as active partners rather than passive recipients of care. Going forward, it is important that parents' voices continue to shape how interventions are designed and delivered. Their lived experiences are powerful sources of knowledge on what works in real settings.

“As we commemorate Down Syndrome Awareness Day, let's remember that inclusion begins with understanding, and understanding grows when we listen to families, parents, and children who remind us that every life matters,” concluded Dr Khaliq.

News Archive

UFS acknowledge 53 for long service

2004-11-03

Long service awards for 35 years: Mrs. Christa du Plessis, Centre for Higher Education studies and Development, mnr. John Moorosi, Soil- and Crop- and Climate Sciences , prof. Frederick Fourie, rector, prof. Jopie Botha, Institute for Groundwater Studies, me. Susan Reineke, Plant Sciences, Dr. Sarie van Vuuren of Sociology and me. Aletta de Klerk, Kovsie Sport.

Fifty three personnel members received long service awards in the centenary year of the university for respectively 35 years of service and 25 years of service.

Prof. Frederick Fourie, Rector, said to the recipients of the long service awards: “In a year in which the writing of history of the UFS took a prominent place in the Centenary celebrations and in which one relived the past hundred years, the value we add to the university on a daily basis is clearly visible. Many personnel members contributed to make the UFS a valued institution and will proceed to do that in the spirit of 100+.”

He thanked and acknowledged personnel for the plus they add to each day’s work. “The students which enter the UFS each year, want to thank you for an university which on an innovative manner impacted their lives. “You helped to create the building blocks for their future,” he said.

Prof. J. F. Botha, Mr M.G. Botha, Ms A. De Klerk, Mr M.J. Doman, Prof. H.C. Janse van Rensburg and Ms S.M.C. Reinecke received awards for 35 years of service.

For 25 years of service at the university Prof. S.L. Barnard, Mr B. Botma, Dr H. J. Breytenbach, Dr M.W. Brussow, Mr N.L. Combrink, Ms A.J. Du Plessis, Ms C. Du Plessis, Prof. L. Goedhals, Mr M.E. Hlazo, Prof. B.B. Hoek, Dr S.J.E. Janse van Vuuren, Mr M. Kgasane, Ms A. Kgosi, Dr W.P. Konig, Dr P.A.L. Le Roux, Prof. N.J. Luwes, Dr N. Luyt, Ms S.E. November, Ms M. Mabaso, Ms M.K. Maruping, Prof. J.D. Marx, Mr J.P. Masedi, Mr G. Mokapane, Mr J. Mokapane, Ms M.L. Molosi, Ms M.M. Molwagale, Mr P.J. Moorosi, Ms C. Moroagae, Ms E. Moroale, Mr G.G. Mothokwane, Prof. M. Mulder, Prof. A.C. Otto, Ms H. Pelser, Ms E. Pelzer, Ms M.M. Pheko, Prof. E. Pretorius, Ms M.P. Richter, Ms E. Rouls, Prof. M.T. Seaman, Prof. R.B. Snowdowne, Prof. J.P. Strauss, Ms M.S. Tsolo, Prof. H.J. van der Linde, Dr S. van Vuuren, Prof. J.B. van Wyk, Dr J.M. van Zyl, Prof. T. Verschoor and Ms M.H.S. York received an long service award.

“Be assured of my appreciation for your loyalty and commitment to a university which is taking careful steps into a new century of its existence. If we do the right things right and with a sincere belief in our heavenly Father we will be able to build on the solid foundation laid by people like you,” he said.

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