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23 November 2021 | Story Leonie Bolleurs | Photo Supplied
With her talk on ‘Breaking the walls of darkness’, Emmie Chiyindiko came in second out of the 74 pitches presented at the recent Falling Walls Science Summit.

“I need you to take a moment and imagine trying to do everything that you do every day … without reliable energy. Or I’ll ask you this … How far would you walk to charge your phone if you didn’t have electricity? Would you walk for hours? Kilometres?”

“Well, that’s what millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa do daily to charge their phones. One billion people globally don’t have access to electricity in their homes and in sub-Saharan Africa, more than half of the population remains in the dark.”

This was the introduction to Emmie Chiyindiko’s talk at the recent Falling Walls Science Summit earlier this month. Emmie, who is a PhD student in Chemistry at the University of the Free State (UFS), came in second out of the 74 pitches presented with her talk on ‘Breaking the walls of darkness’ in the ‘Breakthrough of the year in the emerging talents category’.

Falling Walls Lab is a world-class pitching competition, networking forum, and steppingstone that brings together a diverse and interdisciplinary pool of students, researchers, and early-career professionals by providing a stage for breakthrough ideas, both globally and locally. 

Emmie, who sees getting out of bed every morning as just another opportunity to “be the exceptional young black female scientist that I am”, won the local Falling Walls Lab in Cape Town in October, which resulted in her going through to the finals in Berlin. She plans to host the Falling Walls Lab in Zimbabwe, her homeland, next year. 

This innovator and science communicator, whose work has been covered in Forbes Science, News24, and the Sunday Times, among others, refers to her obtaining second place on the international stage for her research as “a tremendous achievement and a new height in my science communication career. That level of recognition from the world leaders in science, technology, and science engagement cannot be overstated”.

Ending energy poverty

She believes Sustainable Development Goal 7 – leaving no one behind and eradicating global poverty – must be preceded by intentional efforts to end energy poverty. “My research on dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSC) with special metal complexes is among the most interesting alternatives to conventional solar cells.”

Emmie explains: “The design of the cells is inspired by photosynthesis – that good old process plants use to transform sunlight into energy via chlorophyll. Instead of a leaf, the cells start with a porous, transparent film of eco-friendly titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The film is also coated with a range of different dyes that absorb scattered sunlight and fluorescent light. When sunlight hits, it excites the electrons in the dye, creating an endless supply of energy. 

The bright side of this research is that there are several benefits to this invention. It produces energy that is cheap, reliable, and relatively simple and inexpensive to produce. Emmie adds: “These next-generation cells also work impeccably in low-light and non-direct sunlight conditions, providing all-year-round energy with no disruptions. DSSC is also three times cheaper than conventional cells and produces 40% more energy.”

Improving livelihoods 

She continues: “It does not degrade in sunlight over time as do other thin-film cells, making the cells last longer, and requiring less frequent replacement. DSSCs are also mechanically strong, because they are made of lightweight materials and do not require special protection from rain or abrasive objects.”

Emmie has proven that solutions to our current energy situation are available. “We are on the cusp of an energy revolution, and we must act now. Solutions are available, and if we do not seize them during a time of crisis, when will we?”

She believes that creating technology like this can end the energy crisis and improve livelihoods. “Billions of people simply lack enough energy to build a better life. Affordable, abundant, and reliable energy can go a long way to store food, power life-saving medical equipment, and run trains and factories. It can help communities to grow and prosper and to access opportunity and dignity. Societies where people have access to energy have lower childhood mortality, a higher life expectancy, they eat better and drink cleaner water, and have a better literacy rate.”

News Archive

UFS boasts with most advanced chemical research apparatus in Africa
2005-11-23

Celebrating the inauguration of the NMR were from the left Prof Frederick Fourie (Rector and Vice-Chancellor of the UFS),  Dr Detlef Müller (Development Scientist and Manager:  Africa and Asia of Bruker in Germany, the supplier of the NMR), Prof Jannie Swarts (head of the head of the Division Physical Chemistry at the UFS) and Prof Herman van Schalkwyk (Dean:  Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences at the UFS). Photo: Lacea Loader

UFS boasts with most advanced chemical research apparatus in Africa 

The University of the Free State’s (UFS) Department of Chemistry now boasts with some of the most advanced chemical research apparatus in Africa after the latest addition, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer, was inaugurated today by the Rector and Vice-Chancellor, Prof Frederick Fourie.  The NMR is used to analyse molecular structures. 

Last month the Department of Chemistry celebrated the installation of the most advanced single crystal X-ray diffractometer in Africa.  The diffractometer provides an indispensable technique to investigate among others the solid state of compounds for medicinal application.

“Three years ago the UFS executive management realised that, if we want to build a university of excellence, we should invest in research.  We started to think strategically about chemistry and decided to bring the apparatus at the Department of Chemistry on a more competitive standard.  Strategic partnerships were therefore secured with companies like Sasol,” said Prof Fourie during the inauguration ceremony.

“The installation of the NMR symbolises the ability of the UFS to turn academic areas around.  I hope that this is the beginning of a decade of excellence for chemistry at the UFS,” said Prof Fourie.

”The catalogue value of the Bruker 600 MHz NMR is approximately R11 million.  With such an advanced apparatus we are now able to train much more post-graduate students,“ said Prof Jannie Swarts, head of the Division Physical Chemistry at the UFS.

”The NMR is the flagship apparatus of the UFS Department of Chemistry that enables chemists to look at compounds more easily at a molecular level.  Research in chemistry is critically dependent on NMR, which is a technique that can determine the composition of reactants and products in complicated chemical reactions, with direct application is most focus areas in chemistry,“ said Prof Swarts.

”Parts of the spectrometer consists of non-commercial items that were specifically designed for the UFS Department of Chemistry to allow the study of unique interactions in e.g. rhodium and platinum compounds,” said Prof Swarts.

According to Prof Swarts the NMR enables chemists to conduct investigations on the following:

To evaluate for example the complex behaviour of DNA in proteins as well as the analysis of illegal drugs sometimes used by athletes. 
It provides an indispensable technique to investigate compounds for medicinal application for example in breast, prostate and related bone cancer identification and therapy, which are currently synthesised in the Department of Chemistry.  
It can also be applied to the area of homogeneous catalysis where new and improved compounds for industrial application are synthesized and characterised, whereby Sasol and even the international petrochemical industry could benefit. This analytical capacity is highly rated, especially in the current climate of increased oil prices.
The NMR can detect and identify small concentrations of impurities in feed streams in the petrochemical industry, e.g. at Sasol and also the international petrochemical industry.  These minute amounts of impurities can result in metal catalyst deactivation or decomposition and can cause million of rands worth in product losses.
It is indispensable for studying the complexity of samples that is non-crystalline. These materials represent the vast majority of chemical compounds such as solvents, gasoline, cooking oil, cleaning agents and colorants as examples. 

According to Prof Swarts the general medical technique of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) in use at larger hospitals, is based on NMR technology.

”The NMR apparatus enabled the Department of Chemistry to characterise complex molecules that were synthesised for the multi-national company, FARMOFS-PAREXEL, and to negotiate research agreements with overseas universities,” said Prof Swarts. 

Media release
Issued by: Lacea Loader
Media Representative
Tel:  (051) 401-2584
Cell:  083 645 2454
E-mail:  loaderl.stg@mail.uovs.ac.za
22 November 2005
 

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