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23 November 2021 | Story Leonie Bolleurs | Photo Tania Allen
Dr Jana Vermaas and Ketshepileone Matlhoko are working on research that leaves your washing clean and fresh without the use of any detergents, which is also beneficial to the environment.

Cold water or hot water? Omo or Skip? Laundry blues is a reality in most households and when you add stains to the equation, then what was supposed to be part of your weekly household routine, becomes frustrating and time consuming. 

Researchers at the University of the Free State (UFS) are conducting research that is putting a whole new environmentally friendly spin on laundry day.

Sustainability and environmental conservation

Dr Jana Vermaas, Lecturer in the Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development at the UFS, is passionate about textiles and sustainability – almost a decade ago, she conducted a study on the efficacy of anolyte as a disinfectant for textiles.

She describes the process: “During electrochemical activation, a dilute solution of natrium chloride/salt passes through a cylindrical electrolytic cell where the anodic and cathodic chambers are separated. Two separate streams of electrochemically activated water are produced. Anolyte as water was produced at the positive electrode and has a low pH, high oxidation-reduction potential and contains dissolved chloride, oxygen, and hydroxyl radical. It also has an antimicrobial effect.”

The benefits of this process are in line with her enthusiasm for environmental conservation. 

According to Dr Vermaas, the amount of water and chemicals used to clean textile articles is massive. “Chemicals used to disinfect, for example, hospital laundry, are hazardous. Not all laundries in the industry have a closed loop system or try to remove the chemicals before the wastewater is discarded.”

“Different amounts of detergents have various effects on our fauna and flora. Due to their low biodegradability, toxicity, and high absorbance of particles, detergents can reduce the natural water quality, cause pH changes in soil and water, lead to eutrophication (too many nutrients), reduce light transmission, and increase salinity in water sources.”

“But with the catholyte and anolyte process, water returns to its original status, which means that the water solution becomes inactive again after production where it existed in a metastable state while containing many free radicals and a variety of molecules for 48 hours. Thus, no chemicals are left in the wastewater. The water can therefore be recycled, not as potable water but, for example, to flush toilets or to water plants.

“We should do what we can to save water,” she says. 

Should you, like Dr Vermaas, also feel strongly about protecting the environment and want to obtain one of these machines that leaves your washing clean and fresh without the use of any detergents, you will be able to find such an appliance in South Arica. However, it does not come cheap. “It is a bit costly for residential use, but might be more accessible in the future,” states Dr Vermaas, who is of the opinion that it is a more sustainable option for commercial laundries.

Detergency properties and colourfastness 

Recently, more research has been conducted on this topic, but with a focus on the detergency properties of the catholyte to clean different textile fibres (natural and synthetic). Catholyte, she explains, is water produced at the negative electrode with a high pH, low oxidation-reduction potential, containing alkaline minerals. It also has surface active agents that increase the wetting properties, and it is an antioxidant. 

“A master’s student in the department, Ketshepileone Matlhoko, will be submitting her dissertation at the end of November on the possibility of using the catholyte as a scouring agent to clean raw wool,” says Dr Vermaas. 

The department is also conducting studies to investigate the influence of both catholyte and anolyte on colourfastness.

*Graphic: Production of electrolysed water (Nakae and Indaba, 2000). Diagram: Supplied



News Archive

Kovsie student translates and interprets between English and Mandarin
2012-11-14

Chen-Shu
14 November 2012

When television channel e.tv recently interviewed successful Chinese businesspersons in South Africa and Tanzania, they turned to Kovsie student Chen-Shu Fang to translate from English into Mandarin. Chen-Shu, who has completed a BA Honours in Linguistics, is the first student in the Department of Linguistics and Language Practice translating and interpreting between English and Mandarin.

Born in Taiwan, Chen-Shu started her high-school education in South Africa in 1997 and matriculated in 2001. She completed a Bachelor’s degree in Taiwan, but returned to South Africa in 2011, enrolling for studies in the Department of Linguistics and Language Practice. After completing her honours degree in June 2012, Chen-Shu decided to also enrol for the practical honours module in Translation Studies in preparation of her Master’s degree next year.

“I have some background knowledge in linguistics, but during my studies at the UFS, I discovered an interest in interpreting and translation. Therefore, I changed my main focus from Linguistics to Language Practice,”says Chen-Shu.

This year, Chen-Shu also started offering translation and interpretation services. Her first interpreting brief from the Unit for Language Facilitation and Empowerment (ELFE) at the UFS was for Dairy Belle where she had to interpret for a technician from China. She furthermore assists in the translation of the website of Hsiang Chun Orchid Garden, a Bloemfontein-based company (www.hcorchids.co.za).

“I have a great interest in translation, and would also like to offer my language skills and knowledge gained in this course to the Mandarin-speaking community in Bloemfontein. This degree has given me the opportunity to practise and enhance the necessary language practice skills. ”

On assessing Chen-Shu’s translations, an external marker for Mandarin from Rhodes University commented as follows on our department’s course: “I am impressed by your generous and relaxed attitude towards such a diverse group of students, so that they can actually follow a translation course and develop translation skills within their own, unique context”.

 

 


 

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