Latest News Archive

Please select Category, Year, and then Month to display items
Previous Archive
24 March 2023 | Story Profs Gladys Kigozi-Male, Christo Heunis, and Michelle Engelbrecht | Photo Supplied
Prof Christo Heunis, Prof Michelle Engelbrecht, Prof Gladys Kigozi-Male
From the left, Prof Christo, Prof Michelle Engelbrecht, and Prof Gladys Kigozi-Male.

 Opinion article by Profs Gladys Kigozi-Male, Christo Heunis, and Michelle Engelbrecht, Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State.


Each year on 24 March, the world commemorates World TB (Tuberculosis) Day. This date coincides with the day in 1882 when Robert Koch announced his discovery of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, the germ that causes TB. This infectious disease is transmitted through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs, sings, shouts, or sneezes. TB primarily affects the lungs (i.e., pulmonary TB), but other organs in the body such as the pleura, lymph nodes, abdomen, genitourinary tract, skin, joints and bones, or meninges (i.e., extra-pulmonary TB) can also be affected. TB can be cured; effective anti-TB drugs have been available for almost eight decades. Despite this, TB continues to wreak havoc across the world and in South Africa. According to a report released by the World Health Organisation (WHO), an estimated 304 000 new TB cases were reported in South Africa in 2021 and 56 000 people succumbed to the disease in the same year

A world without TB

In 2014, the sixty-seventh World Health Assembly endorsed a global strategy and targets for TB prevention, care, and control. The strategy envisions a world without TB, aiming to end the epidemic by 2035. By this target date, a reduction in TB deaths of 95% and new infections of 90% – compared to the respective levels in 2015 – are anticipated. Further to this, the United Nations’ Stop TB Partnership was mandated to drive activities to end the global TB epidemic. In 2015, the partnership launched the 90-(90)-90 targets; to reach at least 90% of people with TB and place them on appropriate treatment, including at least 90% of vulnerable populations such as people living with HIV, and to ensure that at least 90% of people with TB are successfully treated. Despite commendable progress, persisting high TB infection and death rates are adversely affecting global and national efforts to end the TB epidemic. With a treatment success rate of only 78% in 2020, South Africa is sorely challenged to attain the global target of 95%.

TB with mental health illness

One of the challenges confronting TB control is the frequent comorbidity of TB with mental health illness. There is compelling evidence linking TB to common mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and alcohol misuse. Research indicates that TB patients can experience mental health problems at any time during the course of their TB treatment. Undiagnosed mental illness among TB patients may result in poor health-seeking behaviour and non-adherence to treatment, subpar quality of life, and negative treatment outcomes. The WHO's Global End TB Strategy thus recommends integrated patient-centred TB care. This implies that TB care should be provided in close collaboration with other primary health-care (PHC) programmes such as mental health. However, in many countries – South Africa included – efforts to integrate mental health and TB care are confronted by challenges such as limited capacity, nonrecognition of mental health as a problem, insufficient resources, and TB-related social stigma. Consequently, mental health conditions in TB patients are often un-/under-/mis-diagnosed.

Taking depression as a compelling example, a scoping review reported the prevalence of depression as high as 84% among people with TB in studies conducted internationally. However, little is known about the prevalence of depression among TB patients in South Africa. Using a nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, we assessed probable depression among a sample of TB patients attending PHC facilities in the Free State. We found that almost half (46,1%) of the 208 patients interviewed had probable depression, with 22,6%, 18,8%, and 4,8% having mild, moderate, and severe symptoms, respectively. Probable depression was almost four times more likely among patients diagnosed with extra-pulmonary TB compared to pulmonary TB patients. HIV-infected TB patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy were more than twice as likely to experience symptoms of depression compared to their counterparts who were not undergoing such therapy. This could possibly be attributed to non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Studies elsewhere have established a significant association between depression and ART non-adherence. We further found that the longer patients were retained on TB treatment, the less likely they were to display symptoms of depression.

Important to monitor TB patients for depression

Based on these findings, it is important to monitor TB patients for symptoms of depression – particularly those with comorbid HIV – in PHC settings. At the same time, ensuring that patients stay on treatment by providing adequate support for treatment adherence may help to mitigate depression during TB treatment. 

The theme for this year’s World TB Day is ‘Yes! We can end TB’. It is a call for concerted multi-sectoral collaboration between governments, civil society, communities, academia and technical partners, international aid and scientific organisations, the private sector, and disease control programmes in the country to eliminate the TB epidemic. To this end, TB patients attending PHC facilities in South Africa need to be routinely screened for mental health illness. Given the critical shortage of mental health specialists, screening for mental illnesses could be undertaken by trained and well-supervised non-specialist healthcare cadres such as community health workers.

News Archive

2015/2016 SRC candidates announced
2015-08-19


Ledimo Nthejane, Independent Electoral Commission Provincial Manager, announcing the contenders for SRC elections at the Bloemfontein Campus.
Photo: Johan Roux

Congratulations to the successful 2015/2016 Student Representative Council (SRC) nominees. We wish you all the best with your campaigning.

The Electoral Commission of South Africa (IEC) has been appointed by the UFS to take responsibility for the operational aspects of the upcoming SRC elections on the Bloemfontein campus.  Their involvement spans over the period from the nomination process up to the announcement of the election results on 3 September 2015.

Bloemfontein Campus:

  • Edward de Wet (President)
  • Lindokuhle Ntuli (President)
  • Mpho Khati (Vice-President)
  • Nigel Marchall Masalla (Vice-President)
  • Nicola King (First-generation students)
  • Brand Louw (First-generation students)
  • Dineo Khotso Mashile (Transformation)
  • Katleho Mmolayeng Letube (Transformation)
  • Jeanne-Mari McDonald (Legal and Constitutional Affairs)
  • Lesley-Anne Terblanche (Legal and Constitutional Affairs)
  • Luke Harrold Small (Legal and Constitutional Affairs)
  • Nomathamsanqa Nomvula Kraai (Legal and Constitutional Affairs)
  • Victor Sejane (Student Accessibility)
  • Sam-Maree Rooi (Student Accessibility)
  • Rememberance Rohula Kgabu (Student Accessibility)
  • Delia Moumakwe (Culture)
  • Mohau Moses Lesebo (Culture)
  • Kabelo Elijah Noosi (Sport)
  • Neo Gift Thebe (Sport)
  • Peo Morwesi Segano (Media and Marketing)
  • Gali Moticoe (Media and Marketing)
  • Mafelleng Itumeleng Matla (Student Development and Environment)
  • Karabo Pheko (Student Development and Environment)
  • Shaun Grobler (Treasurer)
  • Cornel Vermaak (Treasurer)
  • Katleho Masheane (Treasurer)
  • Thulani Babeli (Treasurer)
  • Nothando Hlophe (Secretary)
  • Tsietso Mafaso (Secretary)
  • Mihlali Matanzima (Secretary)

Qwaqwa Campus:

  • Tseko Masoeu (President)
  • Ntokozo Mbele (President)
  • Paseka Sikhosane (President)
  • Ntandoyenkosi Mndebele (President)
  • Zethu Mhlongo (Deputy President)
  • Limpho Mape (Deputy President)
  • Mpho Pooe (Deputy President)
  • Langelihle Mzobe (Deputy President)
  • Bannetse Mokhatla (Secretary General)
  • Londiwe Shezi (Secretary General)
  • Nondumiso Langa (Secretary General)
  • Palesa Selepe (Treasurer General)
  • Sabelo Vilakazi (Treasurer General)
  • Sinenhlanhla Mfeka (Treasurer General)
  • Solomuzi Khathi (Treasurer General)
  • Busisiwe Nkosi (Politics and Transformation)
  • Banele Mndwaweni (Politics and Transformation)
  • Nthabiseng Mokoena (Politics and Transformation)
  • Sibusiso Nyambose (Media and Publicity)
  • Nonkululeko Shabalala (Media and Publicity)
  • Khulani Mhlongo (Media and Publicity)
  • Bongiwe Buthelezi (Media and Publicity)
  • Nhlanhla Shabalala (Student Development and Environmental Affairs)
  • Thulane Dubazane (Student Development and Environmental Affairs)
  • Lindokuhle Ngubane (Student Development & Environmental Affairs)

Nominations for the Secretary and Treasurer portfolios are still open until 12:00 noon on Friday 21 August 2015.

Important dates to note:

18 August 2015 - Bloemfontein and Qwaqwa Campus campaigning commences

27 August 2015 - Qwaqwa campaigning ends

30 August 2015 - Bloemfontein campaigning ends

28 August 2015 - Qwaqwa Election Day

31 August 2015 - Bloemfontein Election Day

1 September 2015 - Qwaqwa SR handover and establishment sitting

4 September 2015 - Bloemfontein SRC handover and establishment sitting

We use cookies to make interactions with our websites and services easy and meaningful. To better understand how they are used, read more about the UFS cookie policy. By continuing to use this site you are giving us your consent to do this.

Accept