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07 August 2025 | Story Martinette Brits | Photo Stephen Collett
Prof Willem Boshoff
Prof Willem Boshoff shares insights from decades of rust disease research during his inaugural lecture at the University of the Free State.

Rust diseases of food crops remain one of agriculture’s most enduring and evolving challenges. In his inaugural lecture on 23 July 2025 at the University of the Free State (UFS), Prof Willem Boshoff shared how these complex pathogens continue to pose a significant threat to South Africa’s staple crops – and why continued research is more critical than ever.

Titled Battling rust diseases of food crops in South Africa, the lecture reflected on decades of rust research and recent developments in pathogen virulence. Prof Boshoff, from the Department of Plant Sciences, emphasised that the threat posed by rust fungi today stems from their “mechanisms of variability, their ease of long-distance spore dispersal, and subsequent foreign race incursions”.

 

A shifting disease landscape

Rust fungi are biotrophic organisms that cannot be cultured on artificial growth media. This makes rust research a technically demanding field that requires living pathogen collections, seed sources, skilled researchers, and specialised infrastructure. Prof Boshoff noted that for more than 35 years, the UFS has been at the forefront of this work, monitoring rust pathogens on wheat, barley, oats, maize, and sunflower.

While wheat remains the most extensively studied type, recent rust outbreaks across a range of crops point to a worrying trend. A localised outbreak of stem rust on spring wheat in the Western Cape has been linked to race BFGSF, which carries a previously unknown combination of virulence genes affecting both wheat and triticale. In 2021, leaf rust race CNPSK was detected, showing virulence to the highly effective Lr9 resistance gene.

More recently, stripe rust race 142E30A+ – first reported in Zimbabwe – was found in wheat cultivars from the Free State and northern irrigation areas. “Results revealed increased susceptibility of especially spring irrigation wheat cultivars,” Prof Boshoff explained, particularly due to its virulence to the Yr9 and Yr27 resistance genes.

Rust pathogens affecting other crops are also evolving. In maize, only a few lines with mostly stacked resistance gene combinations were effective against all tested isolates. In sunflower, just four of 30 Agricultural Research Council national trial hybrids showed resistance to local rust races.

 

Building better resistance

A key strategy in rust control lies in identifying and understanding resistance in host plants. This, Prof Boshoff stressed, requires optimised phenotyping systems for both greenhouse and field conditions, along with a solid understanding of available resistance sources. At the UFS, several recent studies have contributed valuable data to both local and international plant breeding programmes.

“Continued local and regional rust research is critical,” he said. “It supports early detection of new races, alerts to producers through updated cultivar responses, and enables efficient breeding strategies and other sustainable methods of rust management.”

The rust programme at the UFS has not only supported varietal release and on-farm risk management, but also strengthened collaboration between plant scientists, industry partners, and international researchers. With South Africa’s strategic location and history of rust surveillance, the programme continues to play a pivotal role in continental and global food security efforts.

 

About Prof Willem Boshoff

Prof Willem Boshoff is a plant pathologist with a strong background in wheat breeding and rust disease control. He holds four degrees from the University of the Free State, all awarded cum laude: a BScAgric (1994), BScAgric Honours (1995), MScAgric (1997), and PhDAgric (2001). His doctoral research focused on the control of foliar rusts in wheat.

Between 2001 and 2016, he worked as a wheat breeder and contributed to the release of several commercial cultivars. He joined the UFS Department of Plant Sciences in 2017 and has since been actively involved in national and international research projects, capacity development, and advancing disease resistance in food crops.

News Archive

UFS invests in community journalists
2013-12-09

The first group of journalists who completed the Department of Communication Science’s short-learning programme for community journalists. The course was developed by Mrs Willemien Marais (far left) and Mrs Margaret Linström (far right). In front in the middle are Prof Lucius Botes, Dean of the Faculty of the Humanities, and Mr Lumko Mtimde, CEO of the Media Development and Diversity Agency, the sponsor of the programme. Fifth from right is Ms Manana Monareng Wa Stone, Programme Manager of the MDDA.

An investment in our people, our region and our democracy. This is the value of the Department of Communication Science’s short-learning programme for community journalists.

The first 20 community journalists from radio stations and newspapers in the Free State and Northern Cape received their certificates recently after successfully completing the course Basic Journalism Skills for Community Media.

This credit-bearing short-learning programme is fully sponsored by the Media Development and Diversity Agency (MDDA), a statutory body with the aim of developing and promoting community media.

The University of the Free State (UFS) is the first university in South Africa that presents a course of this nature. “It is also the first large-scale formal training of community journalists in the Free State and Northern Cape,” says Mrs Margaret Linström, journalism lecturer in the Department of Communication Science. She developed the course together with another journalism lecturer in the Department, Mrs Willemien Marais. “What distinguishes our programme for similar programmes is the element of mentoring,” explains Marais. Students attend a week-long training session on the Bloemfontein Campus of the UFS. The lecturers then visit all the participating newsrooms to provide further training in terms of the unique challenges of their area. “During the second semester we’ve travelled more than 3000 km to visit radio stations and newspapers as far afield as Springbok and Phuthaditjhaba,” says Linström.

During the certificate ceremony the CEO of the MDDA, Mr Lumko Mtimde, said this partnership with the UFS has the potential to make a tangible difference in communities. “Combined community media reaches the largest target audience in the country. Against this background the importance of training community journalists becomes very clear,” says Mtimde.

The role of community journalists differ from that of journalists who work for state or commercial media. Yet most of these community journalists fall outside the network of formal training, mostly due to a lack of resources and access to training.

“This course has changed my life. I came back as a newborn baby for whom everything is new!” said Mr Setona Selisa from Naledi FM in Senekal. Selisa and his colleague, Mr Teboho Mabuya, received the award for the best participants of the 2013 course.

 

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