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07 August 2025 | Story Martinette Brits | Photo Stephen Collett
Prof Willem Boshoff
Prof Willem Boshoff shares insights from decades of rust disease research during his inaugural lecture at the University of the Free State.

Rust diseases of food crops remain one of agriculture’s most enduring and evolving challenges. In his inaugural lecture on 23 July 2025 at the University of the Free State (UFS), Prof Willem Boshoff shared how these complex pathogens continue to pose a significant threat to South Africa’s staple crops – and why continued research is more critical than ever.

Titled Battling rust diseases of food crops in South Africa, the lecture reflected on decades of rust research and recent developments in pathogen virulence. Prof Boshoff, from the Department of Plant Sciences, emphasised that the threat posed by rust fungi today stems from their “mechanisms of variability, their ease of long-distance spore dispersal, and subsequent foreign race incursions”.

 

A shifting disease landscape

Rust fungi are biotrophic organisms that cannot be cultured on artificial growth media. This makes rust research a technically demanding field that requires living pathogen collections, seed sources, skilled researchers, and specialised infrastructure. Prof Boshoff noted that for more than 35 years, the UFS has been at the forefront of this work, monitoring rust pathogens on wheat, barley, oats, maize, and sunflower.

While wheat remains the most extensively studied type, recent rust outbreaks across a range of crops point to a worrying trend. A localised outbreak of stem rust on spring wheat in the Western Cape has been linked to race BFGSF, which carries a previously unknown combination of virulence genes affecting both wheat and triticale. In 2021, leaf rust race CNPSK was detected, showing virulence to the highly effective Lr9 resistance gene.

More recently, stripe rust race 142E30A+ – first reported in Zimbabwe – was found in wheat cultivars from the Free State and northern irrigation areas. “Results revealed increased susceptibility of especially spring irrigation wheat cultivars,” Prof Boshoff explained, particularly due to its virulence to the Yr9 and Yr27 resistance genes.

Rust pathogens affecting other crops are also evolving. In maize, only a few lines with mostly stacked resistance gene combinations were effective against all tested isolates. In sunflower, just four of 30 Agricultural Research Council national trial hybrids showed resistance to local rust races.

 

Building better resistance

A key strategy in rust control lies in identifying and understanding resistance in host plants. This, Prof Boshoff stressed, requires optimised phenotyping systems for both greenhouse and field conditions, along with a solid understanding of available resistance sources. At the UFS, several recent studies have contributed valuable data to both local and international plant breeding programmes.

“Continued local and regional rust research is critical,” he said. “It supports early detection of new races, alerts to producers through updated cultivar responses, and enables efficient breeding strategies and other sustainable methods of rust management.”

The rust programme at the UFS has not only supported varietal release and on-farm risk management, but also strengthened collaboration between plant scientists, industry partners, and international researchers. With South Africa’s strategic location and history of rust surveillance, the programme continues to play a pivotal role in continental and global food security efforts.

 

About Prof Willem Boshoff

Prof Willem Boshoff is a plant pathologist with a strong background in wheat breeding and rust disease control. He holds four degrees from the University of the Free State, all awarded cum laude: a BScAgric (1994), BScAgric Honours (1995), MScAgric (1997), and PhDAgric (2001). His doctoral research focused on the control of foliar rusts in wheat.

Between 2001 and 2016, he worked as a wheat breeder and contributed to the release of several commercial cultivars. He joined the UFS Department of Plant Sciences in 2017 and has since been actively involved in national and international research projects, capacity development, and advancing disease resistance in food crops.

News Archive

UFS launches history book
2007-02-02

 

Attending the launch of the UFS history book were, from the left: Prof Stef Coetzee, Prof Francois Retief, Prof Wynand Mouton, Mr Pieter Cox (Chairperson on Sasol) and Prof Frederick Fourie (Rector and Vice-Chancellor of the UFS). Profs Coetzee, Retief and Mouton are former rectors of the UFS.
UFS launches history book
 
The University of the Free State (UFS) today launched its history book titled, From Grey to Gold, on the Main Campus in Bloemfontein.
 
“The history of the UFS is one of faith, hope, struggle and determination. The book tells a fascinating story that stretches over a 100 years. It is divided into five main phases, which tells about the growth of the UFS from a poor Free State community to a mature university. Interesting stories about student days, sport, rag and hostel activities are included in each phase,” Prof Frederick Fourie, Rector and Vice-Chancellor said during the launch of the book.
 
“One cannot know where you are going if you don’t know where you are coming from. You have a clearer idea of the issues facing an institution if you know the history. A book like this one is also an important source of reference for staff on the campus,” said Prof Fourie.
 
The first research for the book was done from 1999-2003 by Prof Leo Barnard from the Department of History and a team of researchers. They also compiled the first manuscript. 
 
During the last three years, Prof Fourie was closely involved with the writing of the final phase and finishing off the history book project. “It was an honour to be so closely involved with the story of the UFS because now I have a better understanding of the institution, its people, its culture and its way of thinking. For any rector of a university, such an understanding of its institution is a requirement,” Prof Fourie said.
 
The book is partly sponsored by Sasol. During the launch of the book, Mr Pieter Cox, Chairperson of Sasol said the company and the UFS have been partners for 57 years. “Both Sasol and the UFS are striving for excellence – Sasol for excellence in technology and the UFS for excellence in education,” said Mr Cox. 
 
“It was an easy decision when the UFS approached Sasol for financial support of the history book. Its a formidable piece of work, something Prof Fourie and the UFS can be proud of,” said Mr Cox.
 
The book consists of more than 500 pages with hundreds of photos and a wide range of supplements of office-bearers, awards and achievements (including national and sporting colours). A timeline framework, putting the history of the UFS in context with the history of the Free State, South Africa and of the world, is also included.
 
Besides the supplements, the history book also tells the story of amongst others the establishment of the UFS; the role of its founding fathers; black pioneers of transformation; the establishment and development of academic departments and faculties; student numbers; pioneers and trends in research; academic entrepreneurs; campus issues and campus politics; interesting facts and stories about student life (rag, intervarsity and cheerleaders, sport and the Springboks, hostel traditions); the admission of black students and anguish about race; language and culture; the development of the Main Campus; the Tickey and the Banana and much more.
 
Emphasis is placed on a very high level of quality. “It is not every day that the university becomes hundred years old and the institution will be measured by the quality of the book. We cannot say the UFS is a university of excellence if the book does not reflect that,” Ms Edma Pelzer, Director: Physical Resources and Special Projects said. Ms Pelzer managed the project as part of the last mentioned part of her portfolio.
 
The search for photographs was an important aspect of the book and it was a big task to find photographs and write captions. It took almost a year to translate and prepare the English edition and almost ten months to ensure the accuracy thereof, especially to correctly translate the typical Free State and UFS terminology and naturally to complete the English manuscript’s layout and proofreading. In the mean time the cover pages were designed and in September 2006 the manuscript went into the final print process. The Afrikaans title is: Van Sink tot Sandsteen tot Graniet.  
 
The cost of the book is R380 per copy. Those who already ordered the book will soon receive their copy. Orders can be placed by contacting Mr Dawid Kriel at UFS Marketing on 051 401 3409 or on the UFS web site at www.ufs.ac.za. The book is also available at Van Schaik Book Store on the Thakaneng Bridge, UFS Main Campus and at Fascination Books in Mimosa Mall, Bloemfontein.
 
Media release
Issued by: Lacea Loader
Media Representative
Tel: (051) 401-2584
Cell: 083 645 2454
2 February 2007

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