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06 August 2025 | Story Tshepo Tsotetsi | Photo Born2Shoot
Winter School Law
Academics, legal practitioners and students gathered at the 2025 Winter School and Conference on Constitutionalism in Africa to engage on unconstitutional changes of government.

The Faculty of Law at the University of the Free State (UFS), in collaboration with the African Network of Constitutional Lawyers (ANCL), hosted its second Winter School and Conference on Constitutionalism in Africa from 28 to 31 July 2025. 

Held on the UFS Bloemfontein Campus, the event brought together academics, legal practitioners, judges, students, and political leaders from across the continent to engage with one of Africa’s most urgent challenges: unconstitutional changes of government (UCGs).

This year’s theme, ‘Unconstitutional Changes of Government in Africa’, offered a platform for dynamic, relevant, and often difficult conversations. Over four days, participants explored the historical and colonial underpinnings of UCGs, as well as their causes, manifestations, and possible solutions. The programme also encouraged critical and policy-informed discussions that reflected a shared commitment to democratic governance, constitutional accountability, and African-led solutions.

 

A platform rooted in urgency, solidarity, and African solutions

There was a clear sense among speakers and attendees that constitutionalism in Africa is facing a critical moment, and that academic spaces like the Winter School are necessary not only to understand this crisis, but to respond to it. Dr Jacques Matthee, Vice-Dean for Learning, Teaching, Innovation and Digitalisation in the UFS Faculty of Law, captured the broader sentiment: “We are reminded of the power of intellectual community, of dialogue across borders, and of our shared commitment to democratic values, justice, and accountability across the continent.”

He added that what united the participants was not just “a theme of urgent relevance, but also the growing conviction that solutions to Africa’s constitutional challenges must emerge from Africa itself”. The conference, he said, reaffirmed that, “The true impact of a law faculty is not measured by rankings or buildings, but by the values it cultivates and the contribution it makes to society.” Hosting the Winter School, then, became “a living testament to the values of openness, scholarship, African solidarity and justice”.

 

African voices on legal and political instability

The programme was shaped by diverse African voices, offering a range of insights into the erosion and resilience of constitutional frameworks. The Winter School featured keynote addresses by leading scholars in the field of constitutional law. Prof Charles Fombad, Director of the Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa at the University of Pretoria, delivered a lecture on ‘Unconstitutional Changes in Government: Comparative Perspectives, Patterns, Problems and Prospects’. Prof Karin van Marle, Research Chair in Gender, Transformation, and Worldmaking at the University of the Western Cape, explored ‘Unconstitutional Changes in Government: Gender Implications and Preventative Strategies’. Prof Wahab Egbewole, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ilorin and Senior Advocate of Nigeria, presented on ‘Understanding and Predicting Unconstitutional Changes of Government: Megatrends, Causes, Effects and Legacies’.  

Khanya Motshabi, Senior Lecturer in the UFS Faculty of Law’s Department of Public Law and one of the coordinators of the conference, said the theme for this year’s Winter School emerged “almost naturally” from both recent developments across the continent and last year’s theme, ‘Confronting the “Crisis” of Democratic Constitutionalism in Africa’. 

“We had a longish period of democratisation linked partly to the NEPAD initiative, but also to global geopolitical conditions… which created space for the expansion of democratic constitutionalist habit on our continent,” Motshabi explained. “And then a massive regression, which signalled us quite powerfully that constitutionalism in Africa is indeed in crisis.”

 

Academic responses to Africa’s constitutional crises 

Reflecting on the goals of the Winter School, he noted: “We thought it incumbent on ourselves as thinkers on constitutionalism in Africa to be relevant in responding to actual conditions on the continent.” He added that the participants’ engagement reinforced this purpose: “They asked some of the most searching, hardest questions, which means that our concerns are not just parochial scholarly concerns, but concerns that respond to realities and changes in our environment.” The Winter School, he emphasised, aligns with the ambitions of the university itself: “… to be regionally engaged and to make a difference in terms of the development of our societies”.

The four-day programme included panel discussions, keynote lectures, and debates covering judicial independence, democratic backsliding, the militarisation of governance, and fragile transitions. Attendees examined not only how constitutionalism is being undermined, but also how institutions, civil society, and legal scholars might better protect and advance it.

Among those who attended was Prof Azubike Onuora-Oguno, also from the University of Ilorin. “It’s a continuation of a process I have faith in,” he said, reflecting on his second Winter School experience. “The content of the presentations has been rich, engaging, very rewarding. We’re excited for what the future holds. I’m already thinking how 2026 would look like and I can bet you, it will be a blockbuster.”

He added: “Legal cultures are different. You could see that perception and perspective from the different African countries. We need this to shape the Africa we want, building toward the ideal… The continuation of this would ensure that we are doing our bit as academics to build a robust continent where we can interrogate issues, influence policies, and hopefully ground a better Africa.”

News Archive

New schools, restructuring part of streamlined Faculty of Health Sciences
2017-10-12

 Description: Health Sciences staff 2 Tags: Faculty of Health Sciences, five-school structure, Prof Gert van Zyl, Pathology, Biomedical Sciences  

From the left, front are: Dr Jocelyn Naicker,
Prof Gert van Zyl, Prof Magda Mulder;
back from left: Prof Chris Viljoen,
Marlene Viljoen, Deputy Director: Faculty of Health Sciences;
Prof Nathaniel Mofolo; and Prof Santie van Vuuren.
Photo: Rulanzen Martin


Numerous developments, such as the creation of two new schools and one newly restructured School of Medicine in the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Free State (UFS), will catapult this renowned faculty to even greater heights.

Five-school structure to increase access
 
A five-school structure was proposed at the annual Faculty Management retreat in July 2016. The previous three-school model included the Schools of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health Professions.

The current School of Medicine has been restructured and will henceforth be known as the School of Clinical Medicine. The Schools of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences have been added to the faculty. “So, three new schools were in fact created within the faculty,” said Prof Gert van Zyl, Dean of the faculty.   

“There was also a request from the National Health Laboratory Services to group academics that is rendering services in pathology into a new School of Pathology.” This is what motivated the faculty management to create two new schools.

Esteemed academics appointed 

With the creation of the new schools, there were also new appointments within the Faculty of Health Sciences. Dr Jocelyn Naicker has been appointed as the new part-time Head of the School of Pathology, Prof Chris Viljoen was appointed as the part-time Head of the School of Biomedical Sciences, and Prof Nathaniel Mofolo as the new Head of the School of Clinical Medicine. Prof Santie van Vuuren remains Head of the School of Allied Health Professions, and Prof Magda Mulder as the head of the School of Nursing. 

Research outputs to remain as usual
The addition of the new schools will not impact research output. “In the past, research was done across departmental boundaries between all the departments in the faculty,” Prof Van Zyl said. The advantages of adding two additional schools are that the workload will be distributed among the five schools. The heads of schools will work within their respective disciplines and related areas, and will eliminate the duplication of administrative functions.

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