The University of the Free State (UFS) recently published research on endocrine-disrupting chemicals in sanitary pads and pantyliners, which has attracted significant media coverage. The research which was conducted by a multidisciplinary team at the UFS and published in the peer-reviewed journal Science of the Total Environment, comprised an in vitro laboratory detection study and did not involve testing on human subjects. It does not establish causation between the presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and disease outcomes but draws on previously published scientific studies that have explored such potential associations.

The research has generated important discussion about consumer safety, product quality, regulatory oversight, and existing research gaps. It has also raised broader questions regarding the potential implications for public health in South Africa. 

Integrity and credibility of research process

The university affirms the scientific integrity and credibility of both the research process and its findings. The study was conducted in accordance with rigorous academic and ethical standards and established scientific protocols by researchers with recognised expertise in chemistry, microbiology, and biochemistry. The research methodology, data analysis, and conclusions were subjected to independent peer review in an international scientific journal, underscoring the reliability of the work.

The findings indicate that the sanitary pads and pantyliners tested contained at least two types of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs); specifically, phthalates, bisphenols, and parabens, regardless of how they were marketed. These substances are known for their potential to interact with the body’s hormonal systems. The study raises concerns about cumulative exposure over time, particularly considering the prolonged and repeated use of menstrual products across a woman’s reproductive lifespan.

Study encourages further clinical investigation 

The University of the Free State wishes to emphasise that the research does not claim that short-term use of menstrual products causes specific health conditions. Similarly, the study was not designed to establish a direct causal relationship between the detected chemicals and diseases in women. The research findings and their publication are not intended to constitute medical advice, consumer directives, or product usage recommendations. They present peer-reviewed scientific data and identify areas warranting further scientific and clinical enquiry.  Additionally, the research does not recommend that current products be withdrawn from the market.

The university further emphasises that the study does not make any findings of unlawful conduct, regulatory non-compliance, negligence, or intentional wrongdoing by any manufacturer, supplier, or distributor. Any determinations regarding compliance with applicable legislation or regulatory standards fall exclusively within the mandate of the relevant regulatory authorities. However, the study identifies an important knowledge gap, encourages further scientific and clinical investigation, and highlights the need for greater transparency regarding chemical composition in consumer products, as well as strengthened regulatory standards consistent with current scientific evidence.

The university recognises that the study findings may raise public concern, particularly among women and girls who rely on these products daily. It therefore reaffirms its commitment to evidence-based research that serves the public good. The purpose of the scientific research conducted at the university is not to create fear, anxiety, and panic, but to inform and empower consumers, policymakers, and health professionals through robust data and scientific evidence. While the university acknowledges the public concern generated by the findings, it emphasises that scientific research must be interpreted responsibly and within its evidentiary scope. 

Producing research that matters 

The research reflects the university of the Free State’s commitment to advancing knowledge that contributes meaningfully to national priorities and community well-being in line with the university’s strategic focus on responsible societal futures, impactful research, and active engagement with complex challenges facing society.

As part of its continuing research and community engagement initiatives, the university will continue to support further studies to better understand the implications of long-term exposure to the chemicals contained in the pads. The university remains committed to advancing high-quality research that enriches public knowledge, informs policy, and contributes to the health and well-being of communities in South Africa and beyond.