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20 May 2021 | Story Leonie Bolleurs | Photo Leonie Bolleurs
The Maloti-Drakensberg is known as the ’water tower of Southern Africa’, as it is the largest provider of fresh water in the region. If the alpine system collapses, the water production will be detrimentally impacted.

The Afromontane Research Unit (ARU) of the University of the Free State, based in Phuthaditjhaba South Africa, is partnering with several institutions of higher learning, relevant forums, foundations, and policy makers in Africa in an attempt to expand its alpine research.

The research unit is joining forces with the University of Helsinki (Finland) and the National University of Lesotho (NUL) for a National Research Foundation (NRF) award to the University of Pretoria on using fine-scale functional and compositional variation in alpine plants to predict the impact of climate change. According to Dr Ralph Clark, Director of the ARU, this project will expand understanding of the ecology of the alpine zone in the Maloti-Drakensberg, and its similarity (or dissimilarity) with other alpine and tundra environments. 

First step towards sustainability and restoration

A complimentary visit by Alex Hickman, Chair of the African Mountain Research Foundation (AMRF), to the Bvumba Mountains in Zimbabwe, the ARU, and Afriski, laid the psychological foundations for the first two AMRF mountain observatories, as well as gaining support from Afriski as a focus area for alpine studies in the Maloti-Drakensberg. 

Dr Clark explains that the Maloti-Drakensberg is known as the ’water tower of Southern Africa’, as it is the largest provider of fresh water in the region. “The alpine system is critical to this water provisioning function but is under tremendous pressure from intense communal rangeland degradation. If the alpine system collapses, the water production will be detrimentally impacted,” he says.

“Understanding this alpine system holistically is the first step to sustainability and restoration in a social-ecological paradigm,” he adds.

Building capacity for mountain research

The ARU is leading two University Staff Doctorate Programmes (USDPs), both in partnership with the University of Venda, which supports 20 young academics to achieve their doctorates. Dr Clark says while doctoral topics are diverse, they are both focused on building capacity for mountain research in Southern Africa – including the mountain cities of Phuthaditjhaba and Thohoyandou. 

According to him, there are three partners from the United States of America (Appalachian and Colorado State Universities, and the University of Montana) and one partner from the United Kingdom (University of the Highlands and Islands) in the USDPs. Prof Geofrey Mukwada from the Department of Geography and Dr Grey Magaiza from the Department of Sociology are co-ordinating the USDPs.  

The ARU has also attracted one of Southern Africa’s top biodiversity scientists, Prof Peter Taylor, who started at the ARU Department of Zoology and Entomology in January 2021. Dr Clark believes that Prof Taylor – an NRF B3-rated researcher with an H-index of 34 who handed over his SARChI Research Chair to join the ARU – will catapult the ARU to a higher level of regional connectivity (notably with Angola), research outputs, and internal mentoring capacity. Prof Taylor, described as a mammologist and evolutionary biologist, specialises in the systematics, ecology, conservation, and ecosystem services and disservices of small mammals, in particular rodents, bats, and shrews.

Collaboration with two SARChI chairs

The ARU also collaborates with two Department of Science and Innovation NRF centres of excellence (Centre for Biological Control at Rhodes University, and the Centre for Invasion Biology at Stellenbosch University) and one SARChI Chair (Ecosystem Health and Biodiversity in KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape) on various non-native species in Southern African mountains. 

“The rose (Rosaceae) and grass (Poaceae) plant families are particular problem groups in our mountains. For example, firethorns (Pyracantha species) invade native grassland, taking over valuable grazing land and displacing indigenous species. Nassella grasses similarly displace natural rangeland and render farms unusable – if unchecked, the cost of controlling the nassella can exceed the value of the property. Our research seeks to understand the reproductive ecology of these species better, as well as best practice management,” explains Dr Clark.

In addition, the ARU has an ongoing collaboration on montane pollination systems with the SARChI Chair in Evolutionary Biology at the University of KwaZulu-Natal and the University of Cape Town. Dr Sandy-Lynn Steenhuisen in the Department of Plant Sciences is the ARU champion for both programmes. 

Connecting with policy makers in Lesotho

As of the first quarter in 2020, the ARU was invited to sit on the Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Programme (MDTP): Biodiversity Sub-Committee. This opportunity enables the ARU to connect directly with high-level policy makers in Lesotho and South Africa, and to increase its reach for science-policy connections across the Maloti-Drakensberg region. 

Dr Clark states that partnerships under the MDTP can assist in achieving the ARU’s research goal of ‘the sustainable development of the Maloti-Drakensberg’. According to him, the ARU has proposed a focus in the MDTP on the degradation of the Mont-aux-Sources area. A qualitative site assessment by Dr Clark has, among others, also led to a book chapter being submitted in 2021.

The ARU is also extending its reach to include research on montane wetlands. Together with BirdLife South Africa, they have finalised a memorandum of understanding around montane wetland research, offering the potential for partnering to survey poorly studied montane wetlands for rare biodiversity, notably key endangered bird species. 

Dr Clark says the montane wetland bio-acoustic network has been strengthened through Dr Peter Chatanga (NUL) landing a British Ecological Society grant for bio-acoustic work in Bokong Nature Reserve in Lesotho, in collaboration with Prof Aliza le Roux from the Department of Zoology and Entomology and the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology in Japan, as well as linking to BirdLife’s programme.

Global Mountain Safeguard Research in Southern Africa

Southern African links grew well in 2020 due to new mountain-focused contacts in Madagascar, Zambia, Malawi, and Réunion through the Global Mountain Safeguard Research (GLOMOS)-led Safeguarding Mountains book project, with Dr Clark being the editor of the African contribution. 

The ARU submitted several research proposals with members of the GLOMOS team, including on water security and civic society in Maloti-a-Phofung Local Municipality; climate change and water provisioning in the Maloti-Drakensberg; and a book (in process) on Phuthaditjhaba as an African mountain city.  

The ARU is also planning the first Southern African Mountain Conference (SAMC2022) in partnership with the AMRF and GLOMOS, which will take place from 14 to 17 March 2022. According to Dr Clark, they seek to draw a strong regional contribution for a better understanding of Southern African mountains as social-ecological systems. “We also aim to form a stronger science-policy-practitioner interface and community of practice for Southern African mountains,” he says. 

News Archive

Open letter from Prof Jonathan Jansen to all UFS students
2014-02-22

Dear Students of the University of the Free State

In the past four years there has emerged a new consensus on the three campuses of the University of the Free State (UFS) about the things that divide us – such as racism, sexism and homophobia. Students and campus leaders have worked hard to develop this new consensus in residences and in the open spaces on campus. There can be no doubt that new bonds of friendship have developed across the markers of race, ethnicity, class, religion and sexual orientation. I bear witness to these new solidarities every day on the campus.

You chose a white student to head up the transformation portfolio on the SRC. You chose a black captain to head up the university’s first team in rugby. You chose a white “prime” as head of residence to lead a predominantly black men’s residence. You chose a South African woman of Indian descent as Rag Queen and last week, a black student from Cape Town as the men’s Rag winner—choices not possible and never made before in our campus history. Many of you have intimate friends who come from different social or cultural or religious backgrounds. You learn together, share rooms together, pray together and party together. In other words, in the day to day workings of this university campus, you have demonstrated to campus, city and country that we can overcome the lingering effects of racism and other maladies in this new generation. You have helped create a university community inclusive of people of diverse religions, abilities, class and sexual orientation.

I have said this repeatedly that from time to time this new consensus will be tested – when a minority of students, and they are a small and dwindling minority, still act as if these are the days of apartheid. And when that consensus is tested as it was this week, and as it will be tested in the future, only then we will be able to assess the strength and durability of our progress in creating a new South African campus culture of human togetherness based on respect, dignity and embrace.

The real test of our leadership, including student leadership, is how we respond when our transformation drive is threatened.

Let me say this: I have absolute faith in you, as students of this great university, to stand together in your condemnation of these vile acts of violence and to move together in your determination to maintain the momentum for the Human Project of the University of the Free State. We have come too far to allow a few criminals to derail what you have built together in recent years.

There will, no doubt, be unscrupulous people on all sides of the political spectrum wanting to milk this tragedy for their own narrow purposes. There will be false information, rumours and exaggerations by those who wish to inflame a bad situation to gain mileage for their agendas. That is inevitable in a country that is still so divided.

I ask you, through all of this, to keep perspective. Two or ten or even twenty students behaving badly do not represent 30,000 students; a minority of violent and hateful persons do not represent the ideals, ambitions and commitments of the majority. At the same time, let us be realistic – anyone who thinks you can drive transformation without resistance clearly does not understand the difficult process of change.

The events of the week remind us, however, that we still have a long road to walk in deepening social and academic transformation at our university. Yes, we have invested hundreds of hours in training and mentorship; we have created new structures – such as the Institute for Reconciliation and Social Justice – to capture the energy and imagination of students driving transformation; we have created many opportunities for students to study and travel on this and other continents to enable cross-cultural learning; we have established formal and informal opportunities to dialogue about difficult issues on and off campus between students and their leaders; and we crafted new curricula to enable teaching and learning on the big questions of our times.

But this is clearly not enough, and so I have decided on the following immediate next steps:
  1. We will meet for several hours next week to think about how we can deepen the transformation of our university after this terrible incident.

  2. We will arrange a University Assembly on the events of the past week so that we speak with one voice on human wrongs and to re-commit to human rights and we will continue with open forum discussions during the months to come.

  3. We will review the entire spectrum of programmes, from orientation to residence life to the undergraduate curriculum, to determine how effective our interventions really are in reaching all students with respect to basic issues of human rights.

  4. We will review our media and communications strategy to determine how far and deep our messages on human rights travel across all sectors of the university community. In this regard it is important that the campus be blanketed on a regular basis with our condemnation of human wrongs and our commitment to human rights.

  5. We will commission the Institute for Reconciliation and Social Justice to review the events of the past week and make recommendations on how we can improve the campus environment so that all students are protected from harm inside residences, classrooms and in open spaces of the campus.

  6. We will take the questions raised during this week into the academic community and to the general staff of the university so that all personnel also engage with our own roles and responsibilities with respect to campus transformations.

  7. We undertake to make annual report-backs on transformation to all stakeholders in public forums so that students and staff and external communities can track the progress of the university on matters of human rights on campus.

I wish to thank my staff for acting firmly as soon as this tragic event came to our attention. We worked through the night to find and identify the perpetrators. We traced the two students and immediately handed them to the police. They were expelled. And throughout this process we offered counselling and support to the victim of this violent act.

The two former students were expelled and will now face justice in the criminal courts. It is hoped that in the course of time they will come to their senses and seek restoration and reconciliation with the student they so callously harmed. They are not part of the university community anymore.

That is the kind of university we are.

Jonathan D Jansen
Vice-Chancellor and Rector
University of the Free State
20 February 2014

 
Note: The use of the word ‘campus’ refers to all three campuses of the UFS, namely the Bloemfontein Campus, South Campus and Qwaqwa Campus.

 

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