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23 November 2021 | Story Leonie Bolleurs | Photo Tania Allen
Dr Jana Vermaas and Ketshepileone Matlhoko are working on research that leaves your washing clean and fresh without the use of any detergents, which is also beneficial to the environment.

Cold water or hot water? Omo or Skip? Laundry blues is a reality in most households and when you add stains to the equation, then what was supposed to be part of your weekly household routine, becomes frustrating and time consuming. 

Researchers at the University of the Free State (UFS) are conducting research that is putting a whole new environmentally friendly spin on laundry day.

Sustainability and environmental conservation

Dr Jana Vermaas, Lecturer in the Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development at the UFS, is passionate about textiles and sustainability – almost a decade ago, she conducted a study on the efficacy of anolyte as a disinfectant for textiles.

She describes the process: “During electrochemical activation, a dilute solution of natrium chloride/salt passes through a cylindrical electrolytic cell where the anodic and cathodic chambers are separated. Two separate streams of electrochemically activated water are produced. Anolyte as water was produced at the positive electrode and has a low pH, high oxidation-reduction potential and contains dissolved chloride, oxygen, and hydroxyl radical. It also has an antimicrobial effect.”

The benefits of this process are in line with her enthusiasm for environmental conservation. 

According to Dr Vermaas, the amount of water and chemicals used to clean textile articles is massive. “Chemicals used to disinfect, for example, hospital laundry, are hazardous. Not all laundries in the industry have a closed loop system or try to remove the chemicals before the wastewater is discarded.”

“Different amounts of detergents have various effects on our fauna and flora. Due to their low biodegradability, toxicity, and high absorbance of particles, detergents can reduce the natural water quality, cause pH changes in soil and water, lead to eutrophication (too many nutrients), reduce light transmission, and increase salinity in water sources.”

“But with the catholyte and anolyte process, water returns to its original status, which means that the water solution becomes inactive again after production where it existed in a metastable state while containing many free radicals and a variety of molecules for 48 hours. Thus, no chemicals are left in the wastewater. The water can therefore be recycled, not as potable water but, for example, to flush toilets or to water plants.

“We should do what we can to save water,” she says. 

Should you, like Dr Vermaas, also feel strongly about protecting the environment and want to obtain one of these machines that leaves your washing clean and fresh without the use of any detergents, you will be able to find such an appliance in South Arica. However, it does not come cheap. “It is a bit costly for residential use, but might be more accessible in the future,” states Dr Vermaas, who is of the opinion that it is a more sustainable option for commercial laundries.

Detergency properties and colourfastness 

Recently, more research has been conducted on this topic, but with a focus on the detergency properties of the catholyte to clean different textile fibres (natural and synthetic). Catholyte, she explains, is water produced at the negative electrode with a high pH, low oxidation-reduction potential, containing alkaline minerals. It also has surface active agents that increase the wetting properties, and it is an antioxidant. 

“A master’s student in the department, Ketshepileone Matlhoko, will be submitting her dissertation at the end of November on the possibility of using the catholyte as a scouring agent to clean raw wool,” says Dr Vermaas. 

The department is also conducting studies to investigate the influence of both catholyte and anolyte on colourfastness.

*Graphic: Production of electrolysed water (Nakae and Indaba, 2000). Diagram: Supplied



News Archive

Transport service to shuttle Kovsies to and fro
2012-01-30

Our university, in collaboration with taxis in Bloemfontein, currently offers a scheduled minibus-taxi transport service to students living in the Universitas and Brandwag areas. The pilot project, which will run from January 2012 to June 2012, officially kicked off on Monday 16 January 2012. During this period it will be monitored how many students make use of the service.

The cost is R6 per trip, in other words, R6 to an address in Universitas/Brandwag and again R6 back to the university. Students can buy coupons for the service at the Thakaneng Bridge on our Bloemfontein Campus.

The minibus-taxi service will operate on weekdays (Mondays to Fridays), excluding public holidays and normal UFS holiday periods. All services shall depart from the taxi facility at the DF Malherbe Drive gate on our Bloemfontein Campus, from where it shall follow a circular route and return to the same spot again.

Route U will travel: DF Malherbe Drive/ Wynand Mouton Drive/ De Bruyn Street/ Paul Kruger Avenue, back to DF Malherbe Drive.

Route B will travel: DF Malherbe Drive/ Nelson Mandela Drive/ Furstenburg Road/ Melville Drive/ Nelson Mandela Drive and back to DF Malherbe Drive.

Route
Departure time
Arrive back at the UFS
U
19:10
19:45
B
19:10
19:45
U
20:10
20:45
B
20:10
20:45
U
21:10
21:45
B
21:10
21:45
U
22:10
22:45
B
22:10
22:45

 

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